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Drugs and drug education 1 Introduction (Drugs (Drugs-->any substance…
Drugs and drug education 1
Introduction
Drugs
Drugs
-->any substance other than food that alters physiological or behavioral functioning
Psychoactive drug
--> drug that specifically alters perception
Illicit drug
--> drug that is illegal
Harm reduction
--> reduce damage done by drugs
Drug misuse
--> taking more drugs than perscribed by doctor
Drug abuse
---> drug use in a way that it causes Social, health, physical problems
Tolerance
--> over time compensatory response
-----> more of drug for same effect
#
Dependence
--> not taking the drug causes physiological / psychological changes
-----> withdrawal symptoms
Withdrawal symptoms
--> in absence of drug the tolerance is still there fliiping the drugs usual effect around
General
Analyzing drug use:
--> who, what, when is taking the drugs?
--> why how and how much ?
Information gathering
--> difficult cause black market
--> except for legalized drugs (tabacco, alcohol)
--> best option = questionaires
----> subject to bias though
4 Principles of Psychoactive drugs
--> 4 of them
1. Drugs are not good or bad
2. every drug has multiple effects
3. Drug effect depends on quality of drug and how much was taken
4. Effect of drug depends on persons history with it and expectations
Studies
Meth
--> increased over the years!!
good for:
--> prevelance
--> how much harm caused
--> establish baseline to compare to past and future measurements
BUT: exclude places where many drugs used, hospitals, prisons, homeless
Hallucigenics + LSD small decrease in usage
--> 1998 -2004 lol
Cannabis
cannabis = remained onstant over the years
--> while binge drinking = dip in the 80s
cannabis = most elliced drug by school children
--> alcohol 78% (legal)
--> cannabis 16% (illicit)
Perceived harm:
--> grades 7 to 9 = super high 61%
--> grades 9 to 12 = way lower 39% (behind opioids and pthers)
Canada vs USA
--> more drinking, less binge drinkin
--> less cocain and extasy than US
Drug prevention
Canada
Education
Prevention
Harm reduction
--> doesnt try to stop use just prevent harm
--> needle exchange stations
--> drug taking places
Enforcement
Correlates of drug use
Doesnt correlate well:
Socioeconomic status
personalit = poor predictor
Correlation = NOT causation
Correlates well:
gender
race / ethnicity
level of education
higher education = more drink , less cannabis
risk taking (personality)
genetics <-- BULLSHIT lol
Gateway drugs
--> taking htem more likely to try harder drugs
--> biased cause prob only availability :p !!
Stage 1
--> soft alcohol (beer, wine)
Stage 2
--> hard alcohol + ciggarets
Stage 3
--> cannabis
later
--> more harder drugs
Precursors (antedects)
Agressive behavior
Conduct problems
poor academic performance
attachemnt to drug using peer group
parents and community support drugs
Risk factors
.--> hdkashd
1. Having friends who use marijuana or other substances
2. Engaging in frequent fighting, stealing, or other antisocial activities
3. Perceiving that substance use is prevalent at your school
4. Knowing adults who use marijuana or other substances
5. Having a positive attitude toward marijuana use
Prevention factors
--> social support
--> strong religion / attending religious service
--> two or more extracurricular activities
--> commitment to school and sports
1. Perceiving that there are strong sanctions against substance use at school
2. Having parents as a source of social support
3. Being committed to school and sports
4. Believing that religion is important and frequently attending religious services
5.Participating in two or more extracurricular activities
Influences on drug use
1. individual
2. family
3. Society