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ATP & Muscular Work (What is ATP (ATP = Adenosine Triphosphate,…

- - - - An issue
        
        the fact that the concentration of ATP in muscle at rest is extremely low
        
        From rest to submaximal exercise, the rate of ATP utilization by the muscle increases dramatically
  - - - fatigue very rapidly
      - Be forced to stop exercising
      - Or reduce exercise intensity
        
        To << the rate of ATP utilization allowing production to keep pace
  - - - controlled enzymatically
    - - controlled by the change in energy charge of cell
      - Energy charge = ( [ATP] + 1/2 [ADP] ) / ( [ATP] + [ADP] + [AMP] )
      - When the concentration of ATP in the muscle cell << below normal resting levels --> the energy charge drops --> activates ATP-producing pathways
      - At rest, the energy charge in muscle = ~0.85
      - energy charge drops
        
        depends upon
        
        Rate of ATP utilization
        
        the exercise intensity
        
        causes
        
        ATP generating pathways turns on
        
        ATP utilizing pathways, such as biosynthetic reactions turns off to save the precious ATP from muscle contraction.
- - - - Protein
      - Fats
        
        Palmitate
        
        Palmitate + 23 O2 --> 108 ATP + 16 CO2
      - Carbohydrates
        
        Glucose
        
        Glucose + 6 O2 --> 30 ATP + 6 CO2 + 6 H2O
    - - for at-rest
      - for exercise
  - - - ATP already present in the muscles (at rest ATP concentration is very low)
        ATP + H2O (with enzyme ATPase) --> ADP + Pi
      - Creatine phosphate (CP) to produce ATP enzymatically
        CP + ADP (with enzyme creatine kinase) --> ATP + C
      - At rest, 3-4x more CP in the muscles than ATP
    - - only produce 2 ATP (and 2 lactate) in glycolysis
      - vs Aerobic produce 30 ATP, see above