Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
GESM 120 (LOCKE (State of Nature (All are free and equal, All are subject…
GESM 120
LOCKE
Fundamental Claim: a form of gov. is legit if & only if it it could have been contracted into from a state of equal right and equal political jurisdiction without coercion, irrationality or violations of one's duties to God
Account on political obligation: any person can have an obligation to obey a gov. if: (1) Gov. is legit (2) Has consented expressly or tacitly
Royal Absolutism is an illegitimate form of regime: -violates all three conditions (coercion, irrationality, duties to God)
Fundamental Law of Nature: Preserve human life, both our own and others, with priority given to the lives of innocent when not all can be preserved
State of Nature
-
-
-
Property, trade & binding contracts exist
-
Lockean Proviso: we may appropriate from the common for our private use whatever we mix our labour with, as long as none of what we take goes to waste, and we leave enough and as good for others
-
-
-
On tax: Believes gov. cannot be supported without revenue -Everyone who agrees to live in the region should contribute to that our of their own estate
Civil Disobedience: a public, non-violent, conscientious act contrary to law usually done with the intent to bring about a change in policy/law by appealing to the sense of justice of the majority (Rawls)
-
-
-
Injustice should be obvious, not controversial
Conscientious Refusal: noncompliance with a direct legal injunction or administrative order addressed to us (Rawls)
-
-
-
-
Schools of thought
Libertarianism: the best arrangements allow individuals to choose how to act free of coercion (Hardin)
-
Utilitarianism: the best arrangements are those that result in the largest sum total of happiness (Peter Singer)
NOZICK
Regress puzzle: scarce resources RUN OUT P1, P2, P3, .... Pn-1, Pn
Pn should never have appropriated bc didn't leave enough or as good for others
Pn-1 should never have appropriated bc didn't leave enough or as good for others
NO ONE SHOULD EVER HAVE APPROPRIATED!
Nozick on property
-
-
-
-
Therefore, taxation is slavery
-
-
-
-
-
-