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1.2 Key Terms (Guanine-A component of nucleic acids that carries…
1.2 Key Terms
Guanine-A component of nucleic acids that carries hereditary information in DNA and RNA in cells. Chemically, it is a purine base.
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Deoxyribonucleic Acid-A double-stranded, helical nucleic acid molecule capable of replicating and determining the inherited structure of a cell’s proteins.
Nucleotide-The building block of a nucleic acid, consisting of a five-carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group.
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Genes-A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA, in some viruses).
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gel electrophoresis-The separation of nucleic acids or proteins, on the basis of their size and electrical charge, by measuring their rate of movement through an electrical field in a gel.
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms-Differences in DNA sequence on homologous chromosomes that can result in different patterns of restriction fragment lengths (DNA segments resulting from treatment with restriction enzymes).
Polymerase Chain Reaction-A laboratory technique for amplifying DNA in vitro by incubating with special primers, DNA polymerase molecules, and nucleotides.
Restriction enzymes-A degradative enzyme that recognizes specific nucleotide sequences and cuts up DNA.
Adenine-A component of nucleic acids, energy-carrying molecules such as ATP, and certain coenzymes. Chemically, it is a purine base.
Cytosine-A component of nucleic acids that carries hereditary information in DNA and RNA in cells. Chemically, it is a pyrimidine base.
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Model-A simplified version of something complex used, for example, to analyze and solve problems or make predictions.
Ribonucleic Acid- A type of nucleic acid consisting of nucleotide monomers with a ribose sugar and the nitrogenous bases adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and uracil (U); usually single-stranded; functions in protein synthesis and as the genome of some viruses.
Thymine-A component of nucleic acid that carries hereditary information in DNA in cells. Chemically, it is a pyrimidine base.
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Transfer RNA-An RNA molecule that functions as an interpreter between nucleic acid and protein language by picking up specific amino acids and recognizing the appropriate codons in the mRNA.
Translation-The synthesis of a polypeptide using the genetic information encoded in an mRNA molecule. There is a change of language from nucleotides to amino acids.
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