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The Shakers 1774-1900 (Architecture ((Second Meeting House, 1824, New…
The Shakers 1774-1900
Architecture
Regards function, efficiency, and neatness, and easy maintenance as more important than beauty and aesthetics.
Some buildings after the Civil War reflect the design style of the Stick Style and Queen Anne, but the Shakers modernize the styles.
Architectural innovations dwellings that house a lot people such as meeting houses, barns, and utilitarian buildings and company needs.
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Second Meeting House, 1824, New Lebenon NY
Round Stone Barn, Pittsfield, MA 
family dwelling house enfield new hampshire
South Family Dwelling House Harvard MA
Historical and Social
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They established 19 communities from Maine to Georgia and led simple lives that were revolving around worship, community, and worship.
The society originated from French Camisards, a millennium group that immigrants to England during the 17th century to escape persecution.
Ann Lee is an illiterate working-class Englishwoman who became a leader of the "Shaker Quakers" also known as the Quaker group. In 1775 they purchased land in Albany, NY.
Following Ann Lee's leadership was Joseph Meacham who led missionary trips and influenced many of the villages.
After the civil war, membership of the Shakers declines and continues through the 19th and 20th centuries.
Concepts
Shaker doctrines of separation from the world, communal living, lives centered on worship and work, equality between the sexes and celibacy shape their material culture.
They have a belief that community should be before individuals and experiences should be shared between work, community, and life.
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Shakers believe that in order to fulfill a task wholeheartedly is evidence of love for God and the group.
The uniformity of Shaker architecture, interiors, and furniture is similar because of the craftsmen and artisans abilities and shared ideas.
Design Characteristics
The Shakers get their design characteristics from 18h century Georgian, Federal and 19th century Greek Revival styles. They had later influences from the Victorian era.
Buildings have design elements that show symmetry, little or no ornament, and efficient planning that supports Shaker work and worship and reinforces expected behaviors within the community such as separate entrances for male and female believers.
Typical Shaker interiors feature white plaster walls with brightly painted trim, built in cabinets, and wood pegs for hanging clothing or objects, and a cast iron stove.
Lightness, respect for materials, and functionality describe Shaker furniture. Furniture is typically relied on materials, form, and function for beauty instead of detailed carving that was seen throughout other furniture of that time.
The only design motifs that were commonly seen among the Shakers was hearts and flowers since other forms of decoration were forbidden.
Furnishings
Chairs, rockers, settees and benches including ladder back chairs were very common among the Shakers.
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Interiors: Described as uniform, simple, and functional. They had their furniture in each house uniform to prevent individuals from arranging the spaces themselves. By the end of the 19th century, other Shaker interiors begin to have wallpaper, carpet, and more upholstered and ornamental furniture.