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Cognitive Behavioural Intervention (Cognitive Therapy (CT) (Intervention…
Cognitive Behavioural Intervention
Major Theories
Albert Ellis- Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)
Aaron T. Beck- Cognitive Therapy (CT)
CBT(>20 theories) is the best way in handling mental disorders, esp disorders and depression
Similarities between counselling and CBT
Worker/therapist- client relationship
Most of the emotional distressed came from cognitive functions
Cognitive-modification lead to behavioral and emotional change (Cognitive-> Behavioral-> emotional)
Present only
Direct intervention (asm)
Educative, goal-oriented
Cognitive Therapy (CT)
Assumptions of human nature
negative thoughts and malfunction values
behavior and feelings were interpreted by their understanding of experiences and events
Cognitive = extinct behavior
focus on the change of the "self-statement"
Behavioral modification: operant conditioning, modeling, behavioral rehearsal (for instinct)
Hypothesis
Internal communication
Client's value has personal meaning
Personal meanings shd be discovered by client self
Basic Rules
Logic Error: self defeating// cognitive distortion
unable to define reality and fantasy
Automatic Thought and Underlying/core Belief
Automatic thoughts: ~self statement(immediate thoughts),
unconsciousness[CT]
Core/ underlying belief: before automatic thoughts, forming since birth
Schema: Abstract of mental plan (unconsciousness)
Nature of problem
Emotional Distress :arrow_right: Core Belief :arrow_right:Automatic thoughts :arrow_right: Cognitive distortion/ self defeating :leftwards_arrow_with_hook:
Automatic thoughts(-ve) :arrow_right:self defeating
Automatic thoughts(+ve) :arrow_right:+ve
Cognitive Triad
Self :recycle:World :recycle:Future
Objectives
change dysfunctional to change the negative emotions and behaviors
teach client to have self reflection and identify distorted errors
let client to understand the influences of feelings, behaviors and external environment
emphasize the present problem and time-framed intervention
eliminate the negative thoughts and teach client how to prevent such situation
use schema restructuring to change the thinking habit (increase individual's success experience)
Client-therapist relationship
establish trust and
rapport with client, genuine warmth, accurate empathy,
nonjudgmental acceptance
Cognitive conceptualization of cases, be creative and
active. It is the road map of the journey with client
Clients are encouraged to play an active role in the
process
Partnership (work with)
Therapist served as facilitator (educator) and guide clients
understand how their belief and attitudes influence the
way they and act
Limitations and criticism of therapy
less concerned unconscious factors and ego
defenses
too focusing on he power of positive thinking, too superficial and simplistic, denying the importance of the client's past
too technique oriented and fail to explore the underlying causes of difficulties
Intervention Framework
identify the issue( behavior and emotions)
understand client's intermediate belief
let client understand the linkage between behavior, emotions, and thoughts
increase the self awareness of the client
assist client to find out their automatic thoughts and intermediate belief
understand the consolidation of the intermediate belief
eliminate the dysfunctional thinking
help client to build up a positive core belief
Schema Restructuring
Let client to find the evidences of their intermediate belief and assess the consequences brought by that belief
Behavioral Test: ask the client to speak for and against the intermediate belief to see its trustability
Adjust client's core belief: using tools to identify one's intermediate belief and link it up to the automatic thoughts and intermediate belief
思想陷阱 Negative Automatic Thoughts
lead to cognitive distortion
thinking errors (cognitive distortion)
Black and white (非黑即白)
Catastrophizing(大難臨頭)
Discounting the positive (眨低成功經驗)
Emotional reasoning (感情用事)
Labelling (妄下判斷)
Unfair judgment (怨天尤人)
Imperatives (命令式思考)
Mind reading (猜度人意)
Overgeneralization (以偏概全)
Personalization (攬哂上身)
Magination or Minimization (打沉自己)
Situational
=/= to underlying/core belief 思想規條(rooted in mind)
思想規條 Rules (Intermediate Belief)
core belief influence attitudes, rules, assumptions, behaviours
irrational rules learned from experiences
Rooted and standardized
NOT situational
Rational Emotional Behavioral Therapy (REPT)
Humanistic: human are rational
emotions rise along with thoughts, negative automatic thoughts may lead to psychological and emotional disrupt
internalize language
ABCDE
Antecedent event
Belief
emotional Consequence
Dispute the irrational belief
Effective new thoughts/ challenging defeating self
confrontative
psycho-educative
Practice
Thoughts
what was the clients' belief
what was he/she thinking
Behavior
Emotions