Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
History of the UK (Romans 43 BC - 410 AD (Iron Age
1200-600BC (Bronze…
History of the UK
Romans 43 BC - 410 AD
Iron Age
1200-600BC
Bronze Ages
Farmers
Stone Age
hunter-gatherers, permanently separated by the Channel about 10,000 years ago.
6,000 years ago from south-east Europe. Stonehenge at county of Wiltshire and Skara Brae on Orkney, Scotland.
4,000 years ago, roundhouses and buried their dead in tombs called round barrows.
lived in roundhouses at sites called hill forts. e.g Maiden Castle, Dorset. Celtic language. first coins with the names of Iron Age kings. This marks the beginnings of British history.
-
Scotland were never conquered, Emperor Hadrian wall to keep out the Picts (ancestors Scottish) including the forts of Housesteads and Vindolanda, UNESCO
total 400 years. built roads and buildings, a structure of law, introduced new plants and animals. first Christian communities began 3rd and 4th centuries AD
Anglo Saxon Era
tribes from
northern Europe: the Jutes, the Angles and the Saxons
the basis of modern-day English language. by about AD 600, Anglo-Saxon kingdoms : England.
during this period, missionaries came to Britain to preach about Christianity. Missionaries from Ireland spread the religion in the north: St Patrick,,patron saint of Ireland and St Columba, who founded a monastery on the island of Iona, off the coast Scotland. St Augustine led in the south and became the first Archbishop of Canterbury.
Sutton Hoo in modern Suffolk. This king was buried with treasure and armour, all placed in a ship
Vikings!
789AD
The Norman Conquest:
1066
William the Conqueror, the Duke of Normandy. northern France, defeated Harold, the Saxon king at the Battle of Hastings.
a great piece of embroidery: the Bayeux Tapestry 70m long
Last successful foreign invasion of England
Norman French influenced the English language
Stayed out of Wales and Scotland.
lists of all the towns and villages. The people who lived there, land and animals . Domesday Book.
Feudalism
The Black Death
1348 AD
1400 AD
-
Norman French + Anglo-Saxon became one English language.
‘park’ and ‘beauty’ are Norman French words.
‘apple’, ‘cow’ and ‘summer’ are Anglo-Saxon words.
‘Demand’ (French) and ‘ask’ (Anglo-Saxon)
By 1400, in England, official documents were being written in English, preferred language of the royal court and Parliament.
Geoffrey Chaucer wrote a series of poems in English: The Canterbury Tales. one of the first books to be printed by William Caxton, the first person in England to print books using a printing press.
In Scotland, people speak Gaelic. Poet John Barbour, who wrote The Bruce about the Battle of Bannockburn.
Castles were built for defence: Windsor and Edinburgh, Lincoln Cathedral. cathedrals had windows of stained glass, telling stories about the Bible and Christian saints. York Minster
trading nation for English wool.
People came to England from abroad to trade and also to work. Many had special skills, such as weavers from France, engineers from Germany, glass manufacturers from Italy and canal builders from Holland.
A form of plague
One third of the population of England died and a similar proportion in Scotland and Wales.
This was one of the worst disasters ever to strike Britain.
In Ireland, the Black Death killed many in the Pale and, for a time, the area controlled by the English became smaller.
labour shortages and peasants demand higher wages.
New social classes: owners of large land (gentry),
people left the countryside to the towns.
In the towns, growing wealth led to a strong middle class.
-
In the north of Scotland and Ireland, land was owned by members of the ‘clans’ (prominent families).
System of land ownership by Normans.
The king gave land to his lords in return for help in war.
Peasants had small area of their lord’s land where they could grow food. In return, they had to work for their lord and could not move away.
The same system in southern Scotland.
- In 1284 King Edward I of England introduced the Statute of Rhuddlan, which annexed Wales to the Crown of England. Huge castles, including Conwy and Caernarvon, were built to maintain this power. By the middle of the 15th century the last Welsh rebellions had been defeated.
- In 1314 the Scottish, led by Robert the Bruce, defeated the English at the Battle of Bannockburn, and Scotland remained unconquered by the English.
- By 1200, the English ruled an area of Ireland known as the Pale, around Dublin. Some of the important lords in other parts of Ireland accepted the authority of the English king.
- English knights in Crusades, in which European Christians fought for control of the Holy Land.
Long war with France: Hundred Years War ( actually lasted 116 years). most famous battles was Agincourt in 1415 where King Henry V’s vastly outnumbered English army defeated the French. The English left France in the 1450s.
From Denmark and Norway. setteled in the east of England and Scotland. Danelaw ( Grimsby and Scunthorpe)
The Anglo-Saxon kingdoms united under King Alfred the great defeated the Vikings.
short period there were Danish kings: Cnut = Canute.
the threat of Vikings encouraged the north to unite under king , Kenneth MacAlpin.
The term Scotland began to be used to describe that country.
-
-
-
-
-
-
The Bayeux Tapestry
-
-
-
-
A page from Chaucer's
Canterbury Tales
The Lincoln Cathedral
-
-
-
King Henry The VIII
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Mary, Queen of Scots
King James I
King Charles I
Crowned 1625 until 1649 (executed)
Cavaliers vs Roundheads
-
King Charles II
-
Sir Isaac Newton
King James II (in England, Wales & Ireland)
King James VII (in Scotland)
Battle of The Boyne
William III
The Orange
Queen Anne
Crowned 1702
Sir Robert Walpole
The First Prime Minister...EVER
Robert The Bruce
Robert "Lit" Burns
Adam Smith on the £20 note
David Hume
James Watt on the £50 note
-
Mr Curry & Shampooing
Nelson's Column
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
William Wilberforce
-
-
-
-
Emmeline Pankhurst &
Women's Right to Vote
Thr Jungle Book!
The Battle of Somme
-
-
Spitfire
The D-Day
Clement Attlee
-
R A Butler &
Free Secondary
Education
Dylan Thomas
William Beveridge
Concorde, faster than sound
-
Mary Peters
The 1st Television!
A Radar
Alan Turing
John Macleod & Insulin
-
Dolly
Father of the Internet,
Sir Tim Berners-Lee
-
-
-