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Semantic categories of linking adverbials (Semantic categories (Frequency,…
Semantic categories of linking adverbials
Semantic categories
Ennumeration and addition
Addition
also, by the same token, further,
furthermore, likewise, moreover, in addition, similarly
enumeration
lastly,
thirdly,
in the first/second place,
first of all,
for one thing . . . for another thing,
to begin with,
next.
Summation
conclusion or sums up
all in all, in conclusion, overall, to
summarize, in sum, to conclude
Apposition
the following piece of text is equivalent to, or included in, the point made in the preceding discourse.
which is to say, that is to say, that is, for instance, namely, specifically, in other words, for example
Result/inference
the second unit of discourse states the results or consequence of the preceding discourse
So, hence, therefore, consequently. thus
He works late. How am I supposed to get there
then?
He works late; therefore, he cannot drive me there
Contrast
consession
Contrast
on the other hand, conversely, instead, on the
contrary, in contrast, by comparison, in contrast, alternatively
Concession
anyhow, besides, nevertheless, still, in any
case, at any rate, in spite of that, after all, yet, though, anyway
Transition
by the by, meanwhile, now, by the way, incidentally
Frequency
academic prose
result, inference, apposition, and contrast, concessive adverbial
convo
so, then, anyway, and though
News and fiction
Implicit
The most common linking adverbials in conversation and academic prose
though
mark contrasts between one clause and
another
establish a link between speakers
the disagreement much softer
anyway
move to their main point, dismissing preceding discourse as less important or irrelevant
then
sums up an inference based on another speaker's utterance:
A: Oh, Dad is sixty-one.
B: Is he? Well then she must be sixty
then is part of a question, asking for confirmation of the inferenc
So the third bedroom would go right across that
extension then?
commands or suggestions to another participant
Well use your spoon then
So
in stories in conversation. It moves the story along, making clear
how one event follows from another.
can not occur in any position except initial
Positions
most common inital position
Conversation has a higher proportion of linking adverbials in final position than the other registers do
though
anyway
then
medial positions are common linking
adverbials in academic prose.
Therefore, thus, and however
: