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Exploring data (Spotting problems using graphics and visualization (2…
Exploring data
Using summary statistics to spot problems
Typical problems revealed by data summaries
MISSING VALUES
INVALID VALUES AND OUTLIERS
DATA RANGE
UNITS
Spotting problems using graphics and visualization
Principle of scientific visualization
Display as much as possible
Strive for clarity
Iterative process
single variable
Histogram
Density plots
Bar chart
Vertical
Horizontal
Sorted categories
log-scaled density plot
2 variables
LINE PLOTS
SCATTER PLOTS AND SMOOTHING CURVES
HEXBIN PLOTS
BAR CHARTS FOR TWO CATEGORICAL VARIABLES
Stacked bar chart,
Side-by-side bar chart
Filled bar chart
rug
faceted side-by-side bar chart