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Heart Failure (Treatment of Heart Failure (self management of weight and…
Heart Failure
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Signs and Symptoms
Left side: pulmonary issues
- e.g. lung crackles, low perfusion, pulmonary oedema
- weight gain (accumulation of fluid), tachycardia
- paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea,
- GI symptoms: nausea, bloating, constipation
Right Side: peripheral issues e.g. weight gain, peripheral oedema, jugular venous pressure elevated, liver engorgement
General: paroxysmal nocturnal shortness of breath
- exercise limitation, nausea, abdominal pain
- unexplained confusion and fatigue (poor perfusion of brain)
- orthopnea
- shortness of breath on exertion
Physical Findings/Examinations:
- e.g. elevated JVP, third heart sound, tachycardia (decreased CO --> decreased BP --> increase SNS activity --> increase HR), irregular pulse, peripheral oedema
- use ECG, echocardiogram, CXR, BNP levels (are high when cardiac muscle stretched e.g. in big heart)
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Definition
- shortness of breath
- exercise limitation, fatigue
- structural/functional abnormality of heart
- peripheral/pulmonary oedema (must have the latter 2 for diagnosis)
Cycle
MI --> decreased ventricular performance --> decreased contractility --> decreased CO --> increase SNS activity --> vasoconstriction, increased Na+ and H2O retention --> increased venous return --> increased cardiac workload --> myocardial dysfunction etc.