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Antioxidants ( Trace Minerals (Selenium RDA:55 µg/day (Food Sources (Meat…
Antioxidants
Vitamins
Fat soluble
E
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Food sources
Plant oils: corn oil, soybean oil, sunflower seed oil
Nuts and seeds: almonds, hazelnuts; sunflower, pumpkin
Whole grains, peanut butter, egg yolk, liver
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-“TOCOPHEROL” family of active in human body
-fat-soluble vitamin found with fat in foods – absorption ranges from 20-70% of intake
-stored primarily in fat tissue (~90%)
A(fat soluble)
Intake
Deficiency - Symptoms occur after 1-2 years when . -night blindness; this can progress to blindness. . - Blindness in as many as 1.5 mil. children/yr
Toxicity - Generally safe, -high intakes of pate, especially in pregnancy and children.
-Plant foods are non-toxic.
-Supplement usage trials have shown pro-oxidant action and increased cancer risks.
- Pregnancy; high risk for fetal malformation.(Teratogenic toxicity)
-Chronic toxicity after 10x RDA for extended period.
Food Sources
-animal foods. e.g. liver, fish oils, eggs, fortified milk, butter, cheese.
Roles
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-Growth, Development, and Reproduction; Vitamin A is necessary for the break down of old bone to allow for bone turnover.
Helps immune system: mucous membranes
-Needed to produce immune cells.(T-cells.)
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Water soluble
C(water soluble) Two forms: Ascorbic acid(reduced form), Dehydroscorbic acid(oxidized form)
Intake
Deficiency - Scurvy risks; weakness, painful joints, bleeding, gums, loose teeth, slow healing or none, hemorrhaging on face and limbs.
-Tissue breakdown because of Vitamin C's property to synthesize collagen in the body.
Toxicity - Megadose ~>10X DRI; causes diarrhea
-can release iron from storage protein, which can cause cell damage like a free radical.
-Rebound survey can occur with high intakes of Vitamin C.
-Increased risk of kidney stones.
Food Sources
Vegetables and fruits; citrus, berries, tomatoes.
Roles
Non-antioxidant
-Enhances absorption of Dietary Iron by keeping it in a reduced oxidant state.
-Necessary for collagen synthesis.
-Maintains collagen integrity of connective tissue. Also promotes healing and prevents bruising.
Antioxidant
-Donates electrons to stabilize free radicals to inhibit damage.
-Regenerates Vitamin E to its antioxidant form.
-Reduces nitrosamines in stomach that have potential carcinogenic substances.
-Keeps Folate Vitamin B intact
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Food sources
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fortified margarine, breakfast cereal
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Trace Minerals
Selenium RDA:55 µg/day
Roles
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Non-antioxidant
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Regulation of basal metabolic rate, growth and development
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Copper, Zinc, and Manganese
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