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Cell Communication (chemical signaling (paracrine (synaptic signal…
Cell Communication
chemical signaling
multicell
autocrine
signal self
early development of an organism
develop into the correct tissues
function properly
regulates
pain sensation
inflammatory resp
programmed cell death (if infected w/ virus)
paracrine
target nearby
diffusion
quick responses
last only a short amount of time
response localized
quickly degraded by enzymes
removed by neighboring cells
reest. the [ ] gradient for the signal
signal can quickly diffuse again if needed
synaptic signal
chem signal travels btwn nerve cells
fast-moving electrical impulses
ligands=neurotransmitters
chemical synapses
small distances between nerve cells
endocrine
target distant cell thru bloodstream
from endocrine cells
from endoc glands
slower response
effects last longer
ligands=hormones
Signaling Across Gap Junctions
Gap junctions in animals
plasmodesmata in plants
ubiquitous
entire plant= a giant, communication network
has intracellular mediators
small molec (ie Ca) can move thru
large molec (ie protein, DNA) can't
coordinate their response to a signal, even if only one receive
signaling
intracellular signaling
within
a cell
intercellular signaling
between
cells
signaling cells (ligands)
rls signal
interact with Target Cell (has proteins/ "receptors")
Receptors
protein molec
in target cell
internal receptors
intracellular/cytoplasmic receptors
DNA
on surface
cell-surface receptors/ transmembrane receptors
cell surface, membrane-anchored (integral) proteins
bind to external ligand molecules
signal transduction
extracellular signal is converted into an intercellular signal
Ligands do not have to enter the cell
cell-specific proteins
malfunction=
hypertension
asthma
heart disease
cancer
Cell CONNECTIONS
[ ] less high bc distance, more [ ] (paracrn) if shorter dist