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Sensation-physical stimuli vs Perception-interpretation of stimuli (other…
Sensation-physical stimuli vs Perception-interpretation of stimuli
absolute thresholds-lowest level of stimulation to be perceived 50% of the time
vision-candle flame 30 miles away
hearing-mosquito buzzing 10 feet away
smell-drop of perfume in six room apartment
taste-teaspoon of sugar in two gallons water
touch-fly landing on cheek from 1cm away
JND-just noticible difference
weber's law-small differences get more difficult to pic up on as size of stimulus increases
vision
basic cells&structures
rods-process in low light, no color, 90-95% of receptors
cones- color vision-5-10% of rep, not good in low light,
central vision best during day, peripheral best at night
blind spot is where optic nerve leaves eye
visual theories
trichromatic- short cones sense blue, medium cones sense green, long cones sense red
opponent-color processing happens in brain, bipolar cells work in opposition. red-green. blue-yellow. black-white
retinex theory-color stays constant across lighting conditions, or color constancy
hearing
amplitude-loudness or intensity, frequency-pitch
sound waves hit tympanic membrane, or ear drum. malleus, incas, and stapes turn them into strong signals. stapes causes cochlea to vibrate.then hair moves on basilar membrane
loudness is measured in decibels
other senses
somatosensory-body senses like skin muscles and bones
kinesthetic- know where body is in space
vestibular-balance
smell- olfactory nerve to olfactory bulb to frontal lobe
taste- sweet, sour, bitter, salty, savory, capsaicin
synesthesia- senses are crossed
gestalt principles
figure ground-pull figure forward and push background back
similarity and proximity
continuity
closure-tendency to complete a figure
common region- tendency to see objects in a region as a group
depth perception-monocular and binocular cues
monocular- linear perspective, relative size,interpostition(overlapping), light and shadow, texture gradient, Ariel perspective, motion parallax
convergence, retinal disparity