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2.1 A stage-based model of personal informatics systems (definition PI…
2.1 A stage-based model of personal informatics systems
abstract
a stage-based model of personal informatics systems
preparation
collection
integration
reflection
action
properties
barriers cascade to later stages;
iterative;
user-driven / system-driven;
uni-faceted / multi-faceted
recommend
design in a holistic manner across the stages;
allow iteration between stages
apply an appropriate balance of automated technology and user control to facilitate the user experience;
explore support for associating multiple facets of people’s lives to enrich the value of systems
intro & motivation
:star: intro: Greek know thyself -> Gnothi seauton -> information -> computer
personal informatics -> hci
help people better understand their behavior
people participate in
the collection of behavioral information
the exploration and understanding of the information
:red_flag: identify problems personal information while using
motiv: emphasize the interdependence of different parts of PI
contributions
identify problems across PI tools
a model
recommendations -> mprove existing systems & build new PI systems
content
definition
method & findings
model
compare & analyze existing systems
definition PI
:star: Benjamin 60 years 13 virtues & Buckminster ....
regular everyone track 1/2 personal infor and use PI
:pencil2: definition: help people collect personally relevant information for the purpose of self-reflection and gaining self-knowledge
summary
reflection -> insightful reflect
collection -> necessary info
other names: living by numbers & quantified self & self-surveillance & self-tracking & personal analytics
advantage
people limits -> memory & time & behavior
PI -> patterns & trends & knowledge & correct conclusion
related work
collection
MyLifeBits -> future daily people activity
SenseCam -> wearable digital camera
CARPE Continuous Archival and Retrieval of Personal Experiences
ESM: Experience Sampling Method -> asks participants to stop at certain times -> make notes of their experience in real time _researchers
PIM: Personal Information Management -> how manage & retrieve their info -> focus on staying organized
Lifelogging research -> sensor collect
reflection
CIV: Casual Information Visualization -> expand information visualization
ST: Slow Technology -> encourage systems foster users to slow down to reflect, rather than speeding up performance
collection & reflection
PI: Personal Informatics -> data
method & survey
personal infos - > select one
questions about reflection ->
questions about collection -> what tools they used, when and how often, their motivation for use, problems they encountered, and suggestions for improvement
what patterns & trends & surprises participants found from reflecting on their information
demographics questions -> gender, age range, marital status, employment, education, and technology use
participants
personal informatics
http://quantifiedself.com/
general information visualization
http://flowingdata.com
http://slifelabs.com
http://moodjam.org
gift certificat: 25d + 10d
info.....
result
personal information
finance
journaling
exercise
general health
tool
pen
excel
existing personal informatics web sites
physical devices...
reason
natural curiosity
interest in data
discovery of new tools
suggestion from another person
trigger events
stage & barrier
Preparation
stage
before starting to collect personal information
motivation to collect personal information & how to determine what information they will record & how to record it.
barrier
what information to collect
what collection tool to us
:star: switch tools
abandon their previous data
Collection
stage
collect information about themselves
different info & different frequencies
barrier
tool
remember -> forget to record
lack time
find data
accuracy
motivation
Integration
stage
between Collection and Reflection -> how much effort user take
the information collected are prepared, combined, and transformed for the user to reflect on
long -> pen & elec
short -> financial data & credit card
barrier
transcribing data
organization
scattered visualization
multiple inputs
Reflection
stage
user reflects on their personal information
involve looking at lists of collected personal information & exploring & interacting with information visualizations
immediately & later
short-time reflection -> current status
long-term -> compare info between different times -> trends & patterns
barrier
lack time
visualization
self-criticism
interpretation
search
no context
sparse data
data in no use
Action
stage
choose to do with their newfound understanding of themselves
barrier
property
barriers cascade
problems in earlier stages affect the later stages
:red_flag: take inspiration from different fields to resolve barriers within each stage
stages are iterative
users incorporate new data & tools & processes through stages
reason
user don't know what info they need the first they collect info
user change info they need when going through stages -> tool change
:red_flag: flexible for changing info needs
data from / to other systems
different kinds of information
user-driven vs. system-driven
user-driven
user is responsible for the activity in the stage
problem: time & attention
:red_flag: ESM visualizations
:red_flag: turn into system-driven
system-driven
the system is responsible for the activity in the stage
stage
preparation -> suggest tools & info
collection -> sensors & record -> involve other people nurse collect
intergration -> Mint aggregates data from different banks
reflection -> help and explore user info by cisualization
action -> alert user to act
:red_flag: tradeoffs between user and system driven & which stage which mode
facets
uni-faceted system
less data -> separate visualizations
desire to see associations between multiple facets of their lives
opportunity: visualizations
multi-faceted system
cost: difficult to collect
opportunity: collecting various types of personal information & researchers in ubiquitous computing and lifelogging are developing new collection tools
limitations of the survey and model
barrier is a subset -> users familiar with PIS
user with little or no prior experience with personal informatics systems
Case study
twitter-based system
collection tool & uni-faceted
:check: advantages: cost reduced & integration simplified
:red_flag: improvements: scattered visualizations -> relating many datasets at once
:red_flag: improvements: lack time -> automate some data collection
mint
system-driven & multi-faceted
:check: advantages: user burden & action stage
:red_flag: improvement: manual integration & associate with spending & visualization & comparison
no support for multi-faceted
impact
collect & reflect
:red_flag: improvement: no support for preparation stage
:red_flag: user-driven integration
avoid them by using the stage-based model of PIS early
discussion
barriers cascade -> consider the system as a whole -> require integrating innovation
stages are iterative -> flexibility within & between systems -> easy to change and transfer data
system-driven -> reduce demand on users & make experience enjoyable | user-driven -> user control | mixed-initiative approaches -> hci
facets -> uni-faceted -> desire for associating different data -> multi-faceted difficult -> extra data collect -> ubiquitous computing and lifelogging technologies
conclusion
PI -> help people know them better -> recommendations for effective systems
model -> motivation & practices & barriers & property
implication
be designed holistically;
improve support for iteration between stages;
an appropriate balance of automated technology and user control should be applied within each stage to facilitate the user experience;
explore support for multiple facets of people’s lives to enrich the value of systems