Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Chapter 2 (Vocab (An operational definition describes the actions or…
Chapter 2
Vocab
An operational definition describes the actions or operations that will be used to measure or control a variable
-
Participants, or subjects, are the persons or animals whose behavior is systematically observed in a study
data collection techniques, which are procedures for making empirical observations and measurements
A journal is a periodical that publishes technical and scholarly material, usually in a narrowly defined area of inquiry.
The experiment is a research method in which the investigator manipulates a variable under carefully controlled conditions and observes whether any changes occur in a second variable as a result.
An independent variable is a condition or event that an experimenter varies in order to see its impact on another variable.
The dependent variable is the variable that is thought to be affected by manipulation of the independent variable.
The experimental group consists of the subjects who receive some special treatment in regard to the independent variable. The control group consists of similar subjects who do not receive the special treatment given to the experimental group.
-
Extraneous variables are any variables other than the independent variable that seem likely to infl uence the dependent variable in a specifi c study.
Random assignment of subjects occurs when all subjects have an equal chance of being assigned to any group or condition in the study.
A confounding of variables occurs when two variables are linked together in a way that makes it diffi cult to sort out their specific effects.
Control group Subjects in a study who do not receive the special treatment given to the experimental group.
Cross-sectional design A research design in which investigators compare groups of subjects of differing age who are observed at a single point in time.
Survey A descriptive research method in which researchers use questionnaires or interviews to gather information about specific aspects of subjects’ behavior.
-
Double-blind procedure A research strategy in which neither subjects nor experimenters know which subjects are in the experimental or control groups.
-
Longitudinal design A research design in which investigators observe one group of subjects repeatedly over a period of time.
-
Placebo effects The fact that subjects’ expectations can lead them to experience some change even though they receive an empty, fake, or ineffectual treatment.
Variables Any measurable conditions, events, characteristics, or behaviors that are controlled or observed in a study
Study Guide
-
-
-
-
-
Cause and relationship: Experimental research because precise control allows isolation relationships between variables
Statistics are used to summarize, interpret, and organize numerical data
-
Research Methods
Surveys: Use of questionnaires or interviews to gather information about specific aspects of participants behavior, attitudes, and beliefs
Case Studies: in-depth investigation of a single individual using direct interview, observation, review of records, and interviews of those close to the person and other data sources
Naturalistic Observation: careful, prolonged observations in behavior in its natural setting
expiriment: Manipulation of independent variable under carefully controlled conditions to see whether any changed occur in a dependent variable
-
-