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Constructed Wetlands (CW) for Wastewater Treatment (Uses (Polluted Rivers…
Constructed Wetlands (CW) for Wastewater Treatment
Types
Hydroponic Root Mats (HRM)
Floating (FHRM)
Strengths
Adjusts to variable water levels
Prevents Algae Growth
Direct uptake of nutrients
Provides Physical Filtration
Provides Surface Area for Microbes
Builds Habitat
Erosion Control / Wave Dampening
Weaknesses
Efficiency is seasonal dependent
Mosquitos
Moderately long startup Period
Non-floating
Soil-based CW
Strengths
Cope with Variable Water Depths
Weaknesses
Prone to Clogging
Take Significant Land
Pond - Free Floating Plants
Example: Water Lettuce
Weaknesses
Temperature Sensitive
Cannot be tied to shore
Less Surface Area for Microbes
Uses
Polluted Rivers and Lakes
Stormwater
Agricultural Runoff
Acid Mine Drainage
Wastewater
Eval of FHRM
Suspended Solids
Very effective via Laminar Flow
Organic Matter
Setteling
Filtration
Microbes
Nutrients
Effectiveness Varies
Very effective for Nitrogen removal
Heavy Metals
Binding to Soil
Binding to Particulate Matter
Microbes
Plants
How They Work
Bacteria provide nutrients to plants
Provides plants defese against pathogens
This stimulates bacteria to degrade pollutants
Microbes are mostly non-photosynthetic
Plants are a carbon source for microbes
Key Design Parameters
Improving Root Mat Development
Select best plants
fencing to protect plants
matrix to support root growth
anchoring system
Hydraulic Optimization
Percentage of plant coverage
Multiplie inlets
Placement of inlets
circulate water
flow rate
water depth
Low depth
removes fine particles
High depth
disolved nutrients
course suspended solids
predominate wind direction
Size and placement of islands
Buoyancy
What are they?