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Mainstream Approaches to IR (Before WWII (Classical Approach (main focus…
Mainstream Approaches to IR
Before WWII
Classical Approach
describe IR in
details
emphasize "who get what, when, and
where
"
main focus
personality (leaders)
time (date)
place of event (who, what, when, where)
known as
descriptive or historical
approach
dominant before WW I
Idealist Approach
dominant after WW I until WW II
main focus
good concept
principle
morality
equality
justice
tools to contain state's behavior
int'l org
int'l law
concepts
promoting cooperation
multilateral
human nature is good and reasonable
thinkers
Woodrow Wilson
14 points policy
League of Nations
Norman Angell
Critiques against
E.H. Carr
fragility of int'l institution
Hans J. Morgenthau
Politics Among Nations
study of war should be empirical and theoretical
After World War II
Realist Approach
Key Concepts
Key actor =
states
/ state-centric approach
states are motivated by a drive from
power
and the pursuit of
national interest
Central problem of IR =
Anachy
Aggressive
intent of states
international environment is anarchy
behave in aggressive ways
Semblance of
order and security
maintained by alliances
International institution could play roles if backed by force or effective sanction
pessimistic view on human nature
The essential realism
Statism
Survival
in anarchic realm
Self-help
can't trust others
suspicion
Balance of Power
Thinkers
classical
Thucydides
Niccolo Machiavelli
Thomas Hobbes
Hans. J. Morgenthau
Kenneth Waltz
John Mearsheimer
Bismarck
Henry A. Kissinger
Liberalist Approach
Key Concepts
Central to idealism was the formation of int'l org to facilitate peaceful change, disarmament, arbitration and necessary enforcement
Positive
view of human nature
rational
cooperative
value
freedom and liberty
IR are more
cooperative than confictal
belief in
changes, progress and development
main focus
individuals
states
institutions
cooperative collectivities
not only conflicts, but also cooperation shaped IR
Varieties in Liberalist Approach
Idealist Liberalism
International norms -> International law
Woodrow Wilson
International Liberalism
Jeremy Bantham
promote interactions
Karl Deutsch
: transnational activities bing security community
institutionalist Liberalism
setting up international institutions
Robert O. Keohane
Interdependence Liberalism
promote international trade, commercial transaction
David Mitrany
Ernst haas
Democratic/Republic Liberalism
Checks and Balances
Immanuel Kant
peaceful world = democratic states
Michael W. Doyle
Thinkers
John Locke
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Adam Smith
Immanuel Kant
Michael Doyle
Woodrow Wilson
Kofi Anan
Robert O. Keohane
Marxist Approach
Essential Elements
the hidden global capitalism
Social world should be analyzed in totality
Economic development is the motor of change
means of production
relations of production
mode of production
Marx want to
change
the society
Human history =
class struggle
bourgeoisie (capialist)
proletariat (worker)
Lenin's
Imperialism, The Highest Stage of Capitalism
Core
Periphery
Immanuel Wallerstein's World System
Core
Semi-periphery
Periphery
Thinkers
Karl Marx
Lenin
Wallerstein
Stalin
Mao Zedong