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Ecology of the Family (Family Systems: Basic Structures (Family- any two…
Ecology of the Family
Family Systems: Basic Structures
Family- any two or more related people living in one home
Nuclear Family- husband, wife, and their children
Family of orientation- family one is born into
Family of Procreation- develops when one marries and has children
Extended Family- relatives who are depended on each other
Patriarchal family- father has authority & dominance
Matriarchal family- Mother has authority & dominance
Egalitarian family- both sides of extended family are equal
Family Systems: Basic Functions
Reproduction
Socialization/Education
Assignment of Social Roles
Economic Support
Nurturance/ Emotional Support
Family Changes
Reproduction- birth control, reproductive assistance,
Socialization/Education- education at home to education in public schools- families could not longer socialize children in productive roles
Assignment of social Roles- economy and technology brings social roles changes
Authority Patters- mothers gained status which changed authority in home
Economic Support- change in members who contribute financially
Nurturance/ Emotional Support- emotional support is stable but range of caregiving has diminished
Family Traditions: Structural/ Functional Changes
Divorce
"no-fault" laws
Multiple affects on families/children
authority distribution
Role Changes
Child Custody Arrangements
single-parent custody
Joint custody
Kin custody
Stepfamilies
Legal issues
psychological issues
Feelings of abandonment
Families & Adopted Children
Families have many reasons for adoption
Identity issues for children
Dual-Earner Families
Mothers still do most of nurturing and house work
improved economic well-being
Children can suffer cognitively and behaviorally
Families of Diverse Parents
Families of unmarried parents
Interethnic and interfaith families
Families of same-sex parents
Macrosystem Influences on Families and Children: Socioeconomic Status
Statuses/classes
Upper Class
inherited wealth
authority patterns
high-status occupations
Middle Class
business executives/ professionals (upper middle)
Farmers, small business owners, etc.
status achieved through education/hard work
values placed on achievement nuclear family, education, etc.
Lowerclass
semiskilled/unskilled
emphasis on extended family
distinction between male & female roles
respect for elders
debt is common
welfare
Underclass
hopelessness
poverty
female-headed families
drug-users, mentally ill, homless
Macrosystem Influence on Families: Ethnic Orientation
ethnic heritage includes race, religion, nationality, and culture
culture and socialization differences
norms
how do humans relate to each other?
what is the valued personality type?
what is the relationship between humans and nature?
what are the predispositions of humans?
Religious Orientation
Religion provides...
A divine ideology
Coping mechanism
A concept of death
Establishment of identity
Chronosystem Influence
Immigration policies
Foreign policies
Domestic Policies