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Structure of Bacteria (I.introduction (水災 (類鼻疽伯克氏菌(Burkholderia…
Structure of Bacteria
I.introduction
水災
鼠疫桿菌(Yersinia pestis)
大腸桿菌(Escherichia coli)
類鼻疽伯克氏菌(Burkholderia pseudomallei)
類鼻疽(melioidosis)
鉤端螺旋體(Leptospira spp.)
鼠尿病(leptospirosis)
超級細菌(NDM-1)
drug-resistant
Koch's postulates
1.同個disease中有相同microorganisms
2.從受感染生物中取得pure culture
3.把pure culture打到健康動物上
4.可在此生物發現相同microorganism
comparison
prokaryotes
70S(30S+40S)
respiration-membrane
eukaryotes
80S(40S+60S)
respiration-mitochondrial
sterol membrane
II.laboratory diagnosis for bacterial classification
phenotypic classification
morphology
microbiology
Gram stain
1.crystal violet
2.gram's iodine
3.decolorizer(alcohol/acetone)
4.safranin red
macrobiology
hemolytic property
α-hemolysis(不完全溶血)
β-hemolysis(完全溶血)
γ-hemolysis(不溶血)
biotyping
fermentation
serotyping
antibiogram pattern
resistant to antibiotics
phage typing
analytic classification
lipid
protein
enzyme
genotypic classification
G/C
PCR
plasmid
ribotyping
FISH test
immunologic classification
agglutination(Ab titering)
positive
抗體與RBC結合(凝集)
negative
抗體不與RBC結合(不凝集)
fluorescence Ab(FTA-ABS test for syphilis)
in vivo method(tuberculin test)
IV.1.bacterial growth
cell division
二分裂
semiconservation
multiple origin
20min/cycle
population dynamic
1.lag phase
2.exponential growth phase
3.stationary phase
4.death phase
formation of septum
spore
G(+)
III.structure of bacteria
cell wall
Gram (+)
peptidoglycan(murein)
M互接
PBPs=penicilin binding proteins
carboxypeptidase
transpeptidase
G(+) 怕penicillin
teichoic acid
lipoteichoic acid
Gram(-)
LPS=lipopolysaccharide
endotoxin
immune responses
structure
O antigen
serotype
core polysaccharide
species
lipid A
toxin region
porin
outer membrane
enzyme
hydrolysis
virulence
peptidoglycan
無法Gram stain
肺結核(Mycobacteria)
waxy outer shell
acid-fast stain
黴漿菌(Mycoplasma)
無peptidoglycan-無cell wall
cytoplasma
membrane
Mycoplasma sp.(黴漿菌）有sterols
ribosome(30S+50S)
DNA
chromosome
plasmid
mesosome
septal mesosome
DNA replication
lateral mesosome
enzyme
PBPs
ATP synthesis
external structure
capsules
polysaccharide
polypeptide
staining
India ink staining
Quellung reaction
flagella
flagellin
chemotaxis
fimbriae(pili)
pilin
G(-)bacteria
proteins
M protein
E.coli
serotype
O antigen
LPS
H antigen
flagellum(Hauch)
K antigen
capsule
virotype
virulence factor
VI.recombination in bacteria
transformation(轉化)
conjugation(接合)
transduction(導入)
IV.2.bacterial metabolism
requirements
C
autotroph
CO2
heterotroph
organic compound
H
H2O,H2
O
O2
obligate anaerobes
obligate aerobes
facultative anaerobes
N
NH4+,N2,NO3-
major pathway
glycolysis
aerobic respiaration
anaerobic respiration
fermentation
V.functions of antibiotics
inhibitors
cell wall synthesis
Vancomycin
Penicillns
transcription and translation
Tetracyclines
chloramphenicol
DNA synthesis and integrity
antibiotic resistant
enzymatic inactivation of the antibiotic
active efflux of the antibiotic
modification or protection of the antibiotic target
VII.classification of bacteria
G(+)/G(-)
桿菌/球菌