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Skeletal System Continued (fractures (healing (electrical stimulation…
Skeletal System Continued
membranes
periosteum
double layer membrane
fibrous layer
outter layer
dense irregular CT
sharpey's fiber connect membrane to bone surface
osteogenic layer
endosteum
covers trabeculae
delicate CT
osetogenic layer
Nutrient foramen canal
crosses both membranes
brings nerves and blood vessels to matrix
bone markings
sites of muscle/ligament attachment
projection
outward buldge on bone
for muscle/ligament attachment
Tuberosity
large rough round projection
crest
prominent narrow ridge of bone
trochanter
large blunt and irregular process only on femur
line
narrow ridge of bone
tubercle
small rounded corner or process
epichondyle
raised area above a condyle
spine
sharp slender pointed projection
process
any bone projection
help form joints
head
bony expansion on narrow neck
facet
smooth flat surface
condyle
round articulate projection
ramus
arm like bar on bone
depression
groove like. passageway for vessels and nerves or joints
opening
canal for blood and nerve vessels
ossification
endochondral
bones from hyaline cartilage
endochondral bones
form skeleton
bone collar forms around diaphysis
cartilage matrix in deep diaphysis calcifies then cavity
periosteal bud invades. spongy bone forms
diaphysis elongates and medullary cavity forms
intramembranous
bone from fiberous membrane
membrane bones
form skull and clavicle
fractures
Non displaced vs displaced
bone ends stay in position vs bone ends out of alignment
incomplete vs complete
bone not broken through vs bone thoroughly broken
open vs closed
penetrates through skin vs does not penetrate
fractures
comminuted
fragments of three + pieces
brittle bones. old age
spiral
ragged break from twist forces
sports/ abuse
deressed
bone pressed inward
skull fracture
compression
crushed bone
osteoporotic bones. a fall.
epiphyseal
epiphysis separates from diaphysis along the epiphyseal plate
long bone fracture
greenstick
incomplete break. like breaking a green stick
common in kids
healing
splints
electrical stimulation
inhibit PTH stimulation of osteoclasts
induce formation of growth factors & osteoblasts