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Psychological Development (Erick Erickson (Identity vs. Role Confusion…
Psychological Development
Jean Piaget
Preoperational (2-6 yrs)
Lack logical reasoning
Pretend Play
ability to imagine or having unreal friends
representing things with words and images
Egocentric
trouble of a child taking other's POV
Concrete (7-11 yrs)
Think logically about events
Can do math
Conservation
properties like mass, volume, and number remain the same despite despite changes in form or shape
Sensorimotor (B-2yrs)
Object Permanence
awareness that an object continues to exist even if not seen
Stranger Anxiety
crying in a strange's arms
Experiences world through sense and actions
Formal Operation (12+)
Abstract thinking
Moral Development
Stranger Anxiety
Survival
Erick Erickson
Competence s. Inferiority (6-12)
+Discover pleasure in education and accomplishment+
-Develop a low self esteem when comparing with ones peers-
Children learn the pleasure of applying themselves to new tasks
Identity vs. Role Confusion (12-18)
Asks the question of "Who am I?"
Works on social interactions and morals development
+Answers question successfully and is able to to develop identity and make plans for the future+
-Sink into confusion about who they are-
Initiative vs. Guilt (3-6)
+Learn that certain things are not allowed, but are encouraged to do things without being told+
--Frustrated over national desires and goals
Learn about social interactions and learn how to control outburst
Intimacy vs. Isolation (19-40)
+Are able to love+
-Fear commitment and are unable to depend on others-
We are all preoccupied with love
Autonomy vs. Shame (1-3)
Self confidence and control develops
+Child develops control over body (able to say no)+
Begin to walk, talk, and use toilets.
-Doubt abilities, thus having low self esteem-
Generality vs. Stagnation (40-65)
+Helping next generation makes you great+
-Feeling like nothing was done-
People look to help the next generation
Trust vs. Mistrust (B-1)
Develop Trust with parents for food, warmth, and affection
+Have a sense that the world will be okay+
-Later will have questions the world in which they live
Integrity vs. Despair (65-D
+Did good and ready to die+
-Did bad and feel like it was a waste-
Look back on life and see how you did
Kohlberg
Conformity and Interpersonal Accord (School Age)
The "good boy/girl" level
Effort is made to secure approval and maintain friendly relations with others
Authority and Social Order (School Age)
Orientation towards fixed rules
The purpose of morality is to maintain social order
Interpersonal accord is expanded to include entire society
Self Interest (Pre-School)
Interested in rewards rather than punishment
effort is made to benefit oneself
Social Contract (Teens)
Morally right and legally right are not always the same
Utilitarian rules make life better for everyone
Mutually benefit, reciprocity
Obedience/Punishment (Infancy)
No difference in between doing right from wrong
Avoids punishment
Universal Principles (Adulthood)
Morality is based on principles that transcend mutual benefits