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Psychological Development (ERIKSON (Trust vs. Mistrust (develop trust with…
Psychological Development
ERIKSON
Trust vs. Mistrust
develop trust with parents for food, warmth, and affection
Positive effect: believe the world will be okay
Negative: Question the world
Birth to 1 year of age
Autonomy vs. Shame
Self confidence and control develops
Use bathroom
Talk
Walk
Ages 1 to 3 years
Negative: doubts abilities and low self esteem
Positive:Child controls body and can say no
Competence vs. Inferiority
6-12 years
pleasure in new tasks assigned
Positive: Pleasure in accomplishments
Negative: compare to others and develop low self esteem
Identity vs. Role Confusion
Age of 12 to 18
try to understand who they are by development of interactions and morals
Positive: are able to develop identity and future plans.
Negative: They are confused about who they are.
Intimacy vs. Isolation
19-40 years of age
In this stage people worry about love
Positive: are able to and find someone to love
Negative: Fear commitment
Generality vs. Stagnation
People look to help the next generation
Age from 40-65
Negative: Has done nothing with life.
Positive: helping next generation makes them feel good
Integrity vs. Despair
Ages: 65 until we die
People here tend to look back at all their life and how they did.
Positive: If they feel they did good, they are ready to die.
When they did not do all they could, they feel their life was a waste.
Initiative vs. Guilt
3-6 years of age
learn interactions and control of outbursts
Positive: learning certain things aren't allowed and do things without being told
Negative: frustrated over natural desires and goals
PIAGET
Preoperational
Representing things with words and images but no logical reasoning
Ideas
Egocentric: child can not take another's point of view
Pretend Play: child is able to imagine and/or have friends that aren't real
2-6 years of age
Concrete
Think logically about events, can perform math problems
Ideas
Conservation/Math operations: Properties remain the same even if shape or form is changed
7 to 11 years
Sensorimotor
Child experiences world through senses and actions
Ideas
Object permanence: are aware object still exists even if it is not seen
Stranger anxiety: Crying when held by a stranger
Birth to 2 years
Formal Operational
Abstract thinking, moral development
12 years and older
KOHLBERG
Conventional Morality
Early Adolescence
Begins to care about others and follows rules just because they are rules.
Preconventional Morality
Before age of 9 years
Kids obey parents to avoid punishment
Postconventional Morality
People agree upon rights and follow what one believes is basic ethical principles