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Psychological Development (Erickson (Trust vs. Mistrust (B-1) Develop…
Psychological Development
Piaget
Stage Two
Preoperational 2-6
Egocentric
Trouble of a child taking another's point of view
Pretend Play
ability to imagine (playing house) and or having friends that are not real
Stage One
Sensorimotor B-2 years
Stranger Anxiety
crying when in a stranger's arms
Object Performance
The awareness objects continue to exist even if they cannot be seen. (peek-a-boo; ball under couch)
Stage Four
Formal Operational 12 and up
Social Development
many years we believed that we form attachments with mothers due to food
Stage Three
Concrete Operational 7-11 years
Conservation
Properties such as mass, volume and number remain the same despite changes in form or shape. (ex. Taller is more, even though it is the same volume in different shapes)
Erickson
Trust vs. Mistrust (B-1)
Develop trust with parents for food, warmth and affection.
:Have a sense that the world will be okay.
: later will question the world in which they live.
Autonomy vs Shame (1-3)
Begin to walk, talk and use toilets.
Self-confidence and control develops.
: Child develops control over body (is able to say no)
: Doubt abilities thus have low self esteem.
Initiative vs Guilt (3-6)
Learn about social interactions and learn how to control outburst.
: Learn that certain things are not allowed, but are encouraged to do things without being told.
: frustrated over natural desires and goals (family relationships).
Competence vs. Inferiority
Children learn the pleasure of applying themselves to new tasks.
: Discover pleasure in education and accomplishments.
: Develop a low self-esteem when comparing with one's peers.
Identity vs Role Confusion (12-18)
Ask the Question “Who am I”. Work on social interactions and morals development.
: Answer question successfully are able to develop identity and make plans for future.
: Sink into confusion and about who they are.
Intimacy vs Isolation (19-40)
At this stage we are all preoccupied with love
+: Are able to love.
: Fear commitment and unable to depend on others.
Generativity vs Stagnation (40-65)
People look to help the next generation.
: Helping next generation makes you feel great.
: Feeling like nothing was done.
Integrity vs.Despair (65-D)
Look back at life and see how you did.
: Did good and ready to die.
: Did bad and feel like it was a waste.
Kohlberg
Preconventional Morality (before age 9)
kids obey parents either to avoid punishment or to gain concrete reward
Conventional Morality (early adolescence)
starts to care for others and upholds laws and social rules simply because they are the laws and rules
Postconventional Morality
people's agreed upon rights or fellows what one personally perceives as basic ethical principles