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Psychological Development (Erikson (Identity vs. Role Confusion (12-18,…
Psychological Development
Piaget
Sensorimotor
Stranger Anxiety
crying when in a stranger's arm
Object Permanence
The awareness objects continue to exist even if they cannot be seen
Preoperational
Egocentric
Trouble of a child taking another's point of view.
pretend play
Ability to imagine (playing house) and or having friends whom are not real.
Concrete Operational
conservation
properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes inform and shape.
Formal Operational
Abstract thinking, moral development
Erikson
Trust vs. Mistrust
Birth-1
Develop trust with parents for food warmth and affection
(+): Sense that the world will be okay.
(-): later questions in world which they live
Initiative vs. Guilt
3-6
Learn about social interactions and learn how to control outburst.
(+): learn that certain things are not allowed, but are encouraged to do things
(-): Frustrated over natural desires and goals (family relationships)
Competence vs. Inferiority
6-12
Children learn the pleasure of applying themselves to new tasks.
(+): discover pleasure in education and accomplishments
(-): Develop a low self-esteem when comparing with ones peers.
Identity vs. Role Confusion
12-18
Ask the question "Who am I?"
Work on social interactions and morals development.
(+): Answer question successfully are able to develop identity and make plans for future.
(-): Sink into confusion and about who they are.
Intimacy vs. Isolation
19-40
At this stage, we are all preoccupied with love
(+): are able to love
(-): Fear commitment and unable to depend on others
Generativity vs. Stagnation
40-65
People look to help the next generation
(+): Helping next generation
Integrity vs. Despair
65-Death
Look back at life and see how you did
(+): Did good; ready to die
(-): Did bad and feel like it was a waste.
Autonomy vs. Shame
1-3
Begin to walk, talk, and use toilets.
Self-confidence and control develop
(+): child develops control over body (is able to say no)
(-): Doubt abilities thus have low self-esteem
Kholberg
preconventional morality
before age 9
kids obey parents either to punish or to gain concrete remarks.
conventional morality
early adolescence
starts to care for others and upholds laws and social rules simply
because they are the laws and rules
postconventional morality
people's agreed upon rights or follows what one personally perceives as basic ethical principles.