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Psychological development (Erikson (8 stages of development (Stage 4…
Psychological development
Erikson
8 stages of development
Stage 4 Competence vs. Inferiority
6 years old -12 years old
positive
Discover pleasure in education and accomplishments.
negative
Develop a low self-esteem when comparing with one's peers.
Stage 5 Identity vs. Role Confusion
12 years old- 18 years old
positive
Answer question successfully are able to develop identity and make plans for future.
negative
Sink into confusion and about who they are.
Stage 3 Initiative vs Guilt
3 years old - 6 years old
Learn about social Interactions and learn how to control Outburst.
Positive
Learn that certain things are not allowed, but are encouraged to do things without being told.
Negative
frustrated over natural desires and goals (family relationships).
Stage 6 Intimacy vs. Isolation
19 years old- 40 years old
positive
Are able to love.
negative
Fear commitment and unable to depend on others
Stage 2 Autonomy vs Shame
1 year old - 3 years old
Begin to walk, Talk and use toilets.
Self-confidence and control develops.
Positive
Child develops control over body and is able to say no
Negative
Doubt abilities thus have low self esteem
Stage 7 Generativity vs. Stagnation
40 years old -65 years old
positive
Helping next generation makes you feel great.
negative
Feeling like nothing was done.
Stage 1 Trust vs Mistrust
Birth to 1 year old
Develops TRUST with parents for food, warmth and affection
Positive
Have a sense that the world will be okay.
Negative
Later will question the world in which they live in
Stage 8 Integrity vs. Despair
65 years old - death
positive
Did good and ready to die.
negative
Did bad and feel like it was a waste
Piaget
4 Stages of development
Stage 2 Preoperational
Representing things with words and images but lacking logical reasoning.
2 years old - 6 years old
Stage 3 Concrete Operational
Think logically about events, can perform mathematical operations.
7 years old- 11 years
Stage 1 Sensorimotor
Experience the world through senses and actions.
Birth - 2 years old
Stage 4 Formal Operational
Abstract thinking, moral development.
12 years old and up
12 years old and on
Kohlberg
6 Stages of development
stage 3 conformity and interpersonal accord
School age
the "good girl/boy" stage
stage 4 authority and social order
School age
the purpose of morality is to maintain social order
stage 2 self interest
Pre-school
there interest shift to rewards rather than punishment
stage 5 social contract
teens
morally right and legale right are not always the same
stage 1 obedience/ punishment.
Infancy
there is no difference between doing right and doing wrong
stage 6 universal principles
adulthood
morality is based on principles that transcend mutual benefit