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Psychological development (Erik Erikson (8 stages) :star: (Generactivity…
Psychological development
Jean Piget (4 stages) :star:
Concreate operational stage
think logically about events, can perform mathematical operations
Conservation- properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in form or shape.
Object permanence(1-2)
The awareness object continue to exist even if it can not be seen
Stranger anxiety
: crying when in strangers arms
preoperational stage(2-6)
representing things with words and images but lacking logical reasoning
Egocentric- trouble of a child taking another's point of view
Pretend play: ability to imagine(playing house) and or having friends whom are not real.
Formal operational
abstract thinking, moral development
Stranger anxiety help babies stay alive.
Monkey study-two fake mothers
1) one with soft cloth and no source of food
2)bottle but no cloth
Found out that baby monkeys perfer nurturing over food. Security rather than food.
Erik Erikson (8 stages) :star:
Generactivity VS. Stagnation (19-40)
helping next generation
helping next generation feel great
people look to help the next generation
feeling like nothing was done
Intimacy VS. Isolation (12-18)
are able to love
fear commitment and unable to depend on others
At this stage we are all pre-occupied with love
Identity VS. Role (6-12)
answer the questions successfully are able to develop identity and make plans for future
ask the question "who am I". Work on social interaction and morals development
Competence VS. Inferiority(3-6)
children learn the pleasure of applying themselves to new task
discover pleasure in education and accomplishments
develop a low self-esteem when comparing themselves to others
Initiative VS. Guilt (1-3)
learns about social interactions and learns how to control outburst
learn that certain things are not allowed,but are encouraged to do things without being told
frustrated over natural desires and goals (family relationships)
Autonomy VS. Shame(13-1)
begin to walk, talk, and use toilet
selk-confidence and control develops
child develops control
Integray VS. Disparity (65-D)
did good and ready to die
-did bad and fed like it was a waste
Look back at life and see how you did.
Trust VS. Mistrust
believed that our lives are shaped in 8 stages
develops trust with parents for food,warmth, and affection
have a sense that the world will be okay
later will question the world in which they live
kolberg Moral development : :star:
conventional (early adolescence)
starts to care for others and upholds laws and social rules simply because they are the laws and rules.
post conventional
People agreed upon rights or fellows what one personality perceives as basic ethical principles
preconventional Morality (before age 9)
kids obey parents either to avoid punishment or to gain concrete rewards
Sigmund Freud and theories of development :star:
Phallic stage (3-6)
Electra complex: Girls try to replace their mothers in hopes of winning their father’s love.
Oedipus Complex: Boys try to replace their fathers in hopes of winning their mother’s love.
Penis envy: Girls want to have a penis.
Pleasure in based around genitals
Latency Stage(6-13)
Battle with phallic stage is over
Child represses sexual needs and develops social and intellectual skills.
Anal stage(1.5-3 years)
Anal retentive and expulsive
Anal expulsive: let go of feces and become unorganized, messy careless and sometimes cruel
Two types of personality evolve
Anal retentive: holds on to the feces and become organized, clean and fussy.
Greatest pleasure comes through anus muscles
Genital stage(13 and on)
Time of sexual awakening
Person is aware of sexual pleasure and is ready to move into the world
Oral stages (B-18 months)
Infants are fixated with pleasure around the mouth
Habits include Chewing, sucking, biting