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1.3 Key Terms (Machine Code: Ones and Zeroes that represent simple…
1.3 Key Terms
Machine Code:
Ones and Zeroes that represent simple instruction s executed by a processor.
Register:
A tiny part of the processor microchip that stores bits of data, 32 or 64 bits in modern computers.
Least Significant
: Bits that contribute the least amount to the overall value
Modules
: An encapsulated collection of one or more related classes, each with its own methods and attributes.
Imported
: Using one module of code inside another
Libraries
:
A collection of modules
Evaluate
:To determine the result of an expression
Call
: Telling the interpreter or compiler to execute a function some where else
Built-in function
: Functions that are already in the program
Multi-line comment
:Denoted by ''',these can generate doc strings and allow the programmer to leave notes in code that span several lines without having to type '#' at the beginning of each line.
Docstring
:A special comment located at the beginning of a program or the beginning of a function, used to automatically create help documentation.
Local Scope
:A variable with a scope that is limited; in Python, a local scope is created by the def and class keywords, and the scope is the block of code they create.
Garbage Collection
:Releases memory that was used for a variable's value once the variable is no longer to be used by a program.
Namespace
:The set of variable and function names that have been reserved by the compiler/interpreter.
Interpreter
:Converts a program written in a higher level language into a lower level language and executes it, beginning execution before converting the entire program.
Compiler
A computer program created to read an entire program and convert it into a lower-level language and ultimately assembly language used by the processor.
Validate
:Ensure that the values stored in variables are of the correct type and/or within appropriate value ranges.
Arguments
:The values that the programmer provides in the function call.
Test Suite
:A software package designed to evaluate the correctness or effectiveness of another software solution.
Compound Conditionals
:A conditional with one or more logical operators used to incorporate several logical expressions.
Element
:A single object or variable/value in a collection.
Iterable
: Repeats in a program
Glass Box Testing
:Process for evaluating the correctness or effectiveness of a piece of software while examining its algorithmic structure.
Test-Driven Design
:A software development process in which developers first create a test suite and then create the code to satisfy the test suite, e.g., Extreme Programming.
Sliced
:Selecting a portion of a collection.
Concatenation
:Attaching two things side-by-side, frequently strings of text.
Immutable
:Process of creating an object, an instance of a class; creates space in memory for the new object and binds a name for the object with the object's data in memory.
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Catch
:An exception (or error) caught by lines of code if it is handled instead of being passed to parent programs. If an exception is not caught, the operating system catches it.
Type Casting
:Converting data from one type to another, e.g., from string to int, potentially losing information.
Pseudorandom
:Numbers that are difficult to predict and created by a computer.
Null String
:A string that contains no characters.
Assignment Operator
:The '=' character causes the compiler or interpreter to evaluate to the expression on its right and store the result in the variable(s) on its left.
Multiple Assignments
:Python allows a programmer to assign values to several variables at once. This may be used to store a group of values returned by a function.
Working Directory
:The directory in the file system you are currently "in".
Int
: Positive whole numbers and their opposite
Float
:A native type representing rational numbers to limited precision.
Native Type
:The types of data built into a programming language, often faster and more efficient with resources.
Syntax
: The grammar of the program