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Comparative Religion Mind Map (Hinduism # (3) Which religious texts or…

- - - - 1) How and when was the religion created? What was the historical context (what was going on at the time)?
        
        Created in the first century CE from in the context of debate about proper Buddhist doctrine and practice, about monastic discipline, and particularly about the ongoing presence of the Buddha after his death as well as the nature of enlightenment itself.
      - 3) Which religious texts or other primary sources are important to understanding the religion/philosophy?
        
        Prajñāpāramitā Sutras
      - 4) What are the basic principles and practices of the religion/philosophy?
        
        Meditation, regularly visit to temples to make offerings to the Buddha.
      - 5) Where did the religion/philosophy begin?
        
        India
      - 2) Who were the important people, leaders, and empires in the religion/philosophy?
        
        Siddhartha Gautama (The Buddha) or sometimes Amitābha, King Ashoka
      - 6) How did the religion view the role of women?
        
        Equal to men, are able to become clergy-people. Anyone of any gender identity can become a Mahayana Buddhist, gender is impermanent and fluid.
      - 7) What impact did the religion have on art and architecture?
        
        Statues are used for meditation and prayers.
      - 8) What impact did the religion have on social structure and interactions between groups?
        
        Social Structure remained as: Buddhist Monasteries; Buddhist Monks; Buddhist Nuns; Buddhist Lay People; Buddhist Pilgrims
      - 9) Did the religion spread? How and where?
        
        Asia, Australia and North America. It spread through the Silk Roads. Buddhism gained new ideas and thoughts, and formed this philosophy
      - 10) What major changes have occurred within this religion?
        
        Ditched the 8-Fold Path
      - 11) Comparison to Taoism
        
        Monasteries, temples, and shrines. Common use of statues and pictures. and atheists can take part in the religion. No such thing as sins, and homosexuality is allowed
      - 12) 1 impact of this religion on World History
        
        Basically the first religion to have formed as it did on the Silk Road. It combined ideas and thrived throughout India and Asia
  - - - 1) How and when was the religion created? What was the historical context (what was going on at the time)?
        
        Created in 4th century BCE. Schisms occurred in the empires, resulting in Theravada rising, and Mahayana branching off.
      - 3) Which religious texts or other primary sources are important to understanding the religion/philosophy?
        
        Pali Canon, namely Tipitaka
      - 4) What are the basic principles and practices of the religion/philosophy?
        
        Donation (alms-giving, etc.), Morality, and Meditation (insight). (Morality is nobler than donation and meditation is nobler than morality.)
      - 5) Where did the religion begin?
        
        India subcontinent
      - 2) Who were the important people, leaders, and empires in the religion/philosophy?
        
        Siddhāttha Gotama, Maurya Empire, and Gupta Empire
      - 6) How did the religion view the role of women?
        
        Women can join the Sangha. In the Dharmic approach, the Buddha was the very first to allow women into monastic life.
      - 7) What impact did the religion have on art and architecture?
        
        Statues of the Buddha are objects of meditation.
      - 8) What impact did the religion have on social structure and interactions between groups?
        
        The social structure had to support the practice of Dharma, so monks and nuns - the Sangha - were created.
      - 9) Did the religion spread? How and where?
        
        Asia, Australia and North America.
      - 10) What major changes have occurred within this religion?
        
        Modernist movements have been incorporated into Theravadins lifestyles
      - 11) Comparison to Confucianism
        
        Both worshipped in temples, distribution mainly over Asia, and atheists can take part in the religion + AMSCO
      - 12) 1 impact of this religion on World History
        
        Influenced the Myanmar's, who were 80% Theravada Buddhists
- - - - 1) How and when was the religion created? What was the historical context (what was going on at the time)?
        
        Founded between 570 to 622 BCE. At the time there was extensive trade routes, ideas spread along them. Muhammad critiqued the religions that passed through the trade routes, and wanted social justice so he taught his own ideas.
      - 3) Which religious texts or other primary sources are important to understanding the religion/philosophy?
        
        The Qur'an, and traditions of the Holy Last messenger Muhammad, called 'Sunnah' which is found in narrations or 'hadiths' by the men around him.
      - 4) What are the basic principles and practices of the religion/philosophy?
        
        Five pillars: Testament that there is one God and Muhammad is his messenger (shahadah); prayer five times daily; fast during Ramadan; charity to the poor (zakat); pilgrimage (Hajj). Say, "He is Allah , [who is] One, Allah , the Eternal Refuge. He neither begets nor is born, Nor is there to Him any equivalent." - Quran: Surah Al Ikhlas. Slave women served as concubines, and all women were not allowed to study in the presence of a man related to them.
      - 5) Where did the religion/philosophy begin?
        
        Arabian Peninsula, Mecca at Mount Hira.
      - 2) Who were the important people, leaders, and empires in the religion/philosophy?
        
        Prophet Muhammad, Abbasid Empire, and Umayyad Empire
      - 6) How did the religion view the role of women?
        
        The prophet said "Do good to and serve your mother, then your mother, then your mother, then your father, then the near relatives and then those who come after them." Islam's honoring women is the great status of the mother in Islam.
      - 7) What impact did the religion have on art and architecture?
        
        Images of God or prophets not permitted. Art takes the form of calligraphy, architecture etc. Muslims distinguish themselves from other groups by not drawing lifelike human works, which could be mistaken as idolatry. No image is representative of God
      - 8) What impact did the religion have on social structure and interactions between groups?
        
        Fragmented politically, it was a bureaucracy. Kinship remained the foundation of social relations in the early Islamic world. Powerful merchant elites happened in many cities. Islamic caliphs led to discrimination toward non-Arabs. Slavery was allowed, but Muslims could not enslave other Muslims
      - 9) Did the religion spread? How and where?
        
        The religion spread through the Prophet of Muhammad's preaching, and then he and his followers fled and created a community on the Arabian Peninsula. The community continued to grow over the course of Muhammad's lifetime, eventually making very widespread.
      - 10) What major changes have occurred within this religion?
        
        The religion has moved to be dominant in Iran, Pakistan, Indonesia, and Niger
      - 11) Comparison to Judaism
        
        Both were monotheistic, believing in only one God. God has always existed, none existed before him and will exist forever.
        Both have holy days, and must ask for forgiveness from God in order to "rinse their sins" Source
      - 12) 1 impact of this religion on World History
        
        It is the fastest growing major religion in the world today, spreading throughout the Middle East and North Africa.
- - - - 1) How and when was the religion created? What was the historical context ?
        
        Created in approx. 550 BCE, at the time of the Zhou Dynasty. Origins are shrouded in mystery, but the founder is said to be Laozi.
      - 3) Which religious texts or other primary sources are important to understanding the religion?
        
        Daozang, a collection of 1400 texts organized in 3 sections which includes the Tao Te Ching, Zhuang Zi, I Ching, and some others.
      - 4) What are the basic principles and practices of the religion/philosophy?
        
        Philosophical maturity, virtuous conduct, internal alchemy, and some sexual practices. The Tao is the only principle. The rest are its manifestations.
      - 5) Where did the religion/philosophy begin?
        
        China
      - 2) Who were the important people, leaders, and empires in the religion/philosophy?
        
        Laozi, the Old Master
      - 6) How did the religion view the role of women?
        
        No distinctions between men and women, as both are seen as manifestations of the Tao.
      - 7) What impact did the religion have on art and architecture?
        
        Architects attempted to make buildings integrated into natural surroundings. Poets wrote about nature and human involvement.
      - 8) What impact did the religion have on social structure and interactions between groups?
        
        Did not affect social structure, though it appealed to peasants because of their connections to natural forces and the land.
      - 9) Did the religion spread? How and where?
        
        China, Korea, to lesser extent Vietnam and Japan.
      - 10) What major changes have occurred within this religion?
        
        No real major changes occured
      - 11) Comparison to Mahayana
        
        Monasteries, temples, and shrines. Common use of statues and pictures. and atheists can take part in the religion. No such thing as sins, and homosexuality is allowed
      - 12) 1 impact of this religion on World History
        
        GAVE BIRTH TO MARTIAL ARTS SUCH AS TAI CHI and QIGONG
  - - - 1) How and when was the religion created? What was the historical context?
        
        Created in the 6th century BCE, while China was suffering from a period of instability. Confucianism, Taoism, and Legalism emerged as new schools of thought from this period of instability.
      - 3) Which religious texts or other primary sources are important to understanding the philosophy?
        
        Analects of Confucius and Mencius; I Ching; Doctrine of Mean, etc.
      - 4) What are the basic principles and practices of the philosophy?
        
        Visit to temples to pay homage to Ti'en(God or Heaven), Confucius, and ancestors; To practice ('Jing zuo, ') or 'Quiet Sitting. Confucianism all about the brotherhood of humanity.
      - 5) Where did the religion/philosophy begin?
        
        China
      - 2) Who were the important people, leaders, and empires in the philosophy?
        
        K'ung Fu-tzu (Confucius) and the Chinese empire
      - 6) How did the religion view the role of women?
        
        Socially inferior to men
      - 7) What impact did the religion have on art and architecture?
        
        No real change on art and architecture. Possible tapestries on Confucius
      - 8) What impact did the religion have on social structure and interactions between groups?
        
        Appealed to many people because it argued for respecting social hierarchies and traditions. Filial piety was the main belief amongst all families immersed in Confucianism
      - 9) Did the religion spread? How and where?
        
        Asia
      - 10) What major changes have occurred within this religion?
        
        The philosophy did not survive
      - 11) Comparison to Theravada Buddhism
        
        Both worshipped in temples, distribution mainly over Asia, and atheists can take part in the religion + AMSCO
      - 12) 1 impact of this religion on World History
        
        Created schools to teach religion/philosophies
- - - - 530 BCE to79 CE by Abraham. The Jewish Diaspora was happening at the time, also the Jews were being captured and used as scapegoats.
    - - Tanakh (Jewish Bible) , Torah.
    - - Prayers 3 times daily, with a fourth prayer added on Shabbat and holidays. Shacarit prayer in the morning, Mincha in the afternoon, Arvit at night; Musaf is an extra Shabbat service. By accepting the covenant, they choose to follow God's commandments. A unique ethnicity. Early monotheists.
    - - The Levant
    - - Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, and Moses
    - - Equal to men in eyes of God and in the Law (Halakha). Woman traditionally have been granted more equal rights than most other world cultures. Today, traditions among the Orthodox and the Reform movements differ greatly.
    - - Ancient times: Not allowed as it is considered Idolatry. Today, great artwork is encouraged. Statues of people are fine, but not as religious icons.
    - - Hereditary privileged priest class--Kohen and Levi. Jews were thrown around the world, rejected one too many times, and used as scapegoats time and time again.
    - - Existing in Israel for 1500 years, but the Romans in 70 CE kicked all Jews out. Jewish Diaspora happens. Now the majority live in Israel, USA, Canada, Russia, France, England.
    - - The religion started to wane away, not as many Jews today due to Holocaust and other untimely killings of Jews.
    - - Both were monotheistic, believing in only one God. God has always existed, none existed before him and will exist forever.
        Both have holy days, and must ask for forgiveness from God in order to "rinse their sins" Source
    - - The Holocaust. Horror seeing one religion being tortured and wrenched and twisted down to seem inferior and not socially righteous.
- - - - Persia, in 6th century BCE. because Cyrus the Great started the Achaemenid Empire.
    - - The Avesta, the Gathas
    - - Fire is used in Zoroastrian worship. Zoroastrians also pray 5 times a day. Good thoughts, good words, and good deeds.
    - - Persia
    - - Ahura Mazda, Zarathustra Haechataspa Spitama or Zoroaster (Greek) or Zartosht (Parsi), Ohrmazd, Ahriman, and Cyrus the Great
    - - Equal to men
    - - Permitted, there are several drawings regarding Prophet Zoroaster and symbolic images of God (Ahura Mazda).
    - - Everybody was considered equal in Zoroastrianism, so there was not much social sdsiputes due to less religious tension
    - - Middle East, Central Asia and Northern India. This was because Cyrus the Great spread Zoroastrianism throughout his empire.
    - - The religion has died out. This is because the Persian empire is no longer, but it still has a major impact on religion today
    - - It brought about the idea of heaven and h*ll, and good and evil
    - - -Dualistic and cultural features still alive today. Text and song to indoctrinate followers on good & evil Source
- - - - Created by Jesus of Nazareth, during the reign of Augustus. What was going on around this time was Roman imperials persecuting Jews. the Jews were against the paganistic religion of the Romans and were zealots. The zealots took after Jesus's belief in one god, and it was declared legal by Constantine.
    - - The Bible
    - - Believing in one god, living simple lives isolated from society, martyrdom, and afterlife. They pray a lot to God, and go to churches regularly.
    - - The Roman province of Judaea
    - - Jesus of Nazareth, the Roman empire, God, Christian preachers, Peter and Paul
    - - Women could practice Christianity. No real restrictions for women being able to partake in the religion.
    - - Crosses, monasteries, churches, religious morality towards God and Jesus
    - - Everybody was equal, and preachers taught the people Christianity. Fights broke out because of forced Christianity, and some people rejected the religion.
    - - Missionaries and preachers, throughout the world wherever it was accepted
    - - No more branches off of Christianity, only one pure form of it
    - - Christianity and Zoroastrianism similarities:
        -Dualistic and cultural features still alive today
        -Text and song to indoctrinate followers on good & evil
        Source
    - - Shaped the United States, as it is based on God and Christianity