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CH4 Prokaryotic Cells (Internal Features (Inclusions (Carboxysomes…

- - - - phospholipid bilayer with submerged proteins
      - Free lateral movement
      - Self seals
      - No embedded sterols (except Mycoplasmas)
    - - selectively permeable allows small, neutral particles through Inhibits large/charged particles, Lipid solubles pass easier
      - Embedded enzymes for ATP production
    - - Alcohol and ammonium
      - Polypeptide antibiotics
  - - - Cytoskeletal fibers as in Eukaryotes
      - Cytoplasmic streaming as in plants
  - - - Extra small, circular loop of DNA
      - replicates independently
      - Only 5-100 genes
  - - - Near the plasma membrane
      - 70s 2 sub units
        
        50s=5s+23s+polypeptides
        
        30s=16s+polypeptides
    - - On or near the Rough ER
      - 80s 2 subunits
        
        60s=5s+28s+5.8s+polypeptides
        
        40s=18s+polypeptides
  - - - metachromatic granules of inorganic phosphate
      - Used for ATP production
      - Corynebacterium diphtheriae
    - - Glycogen or Starch
      - Stored energy source
    - - Poly-B-hydroxybutyric acid
      - stained with Sudan dyes (fat soluble)
      - Mycobacterium, Bacillus, Spirillum
    - - Chemoautotrophs who use sulfur compounds for energy
      - Thiobacillus
    - - Ribulose-1,5-diphosphate carboxylase
      - Used to fix CO2
      - Cyanobacterium- also fixes N2
      - Thiobacillus-also uses S
    - - Buoyancy
      - Proper light, O2,Nutrients,Temp
    - - Fe
      - Common in soil
- - - - Streptococcus pneumoniae Pneumonia
      - Klebsiella pneumoniae Infant pneumonia
      - Streptococcus mutans secretes Dextran
      - Bacillus anthracis Anthrax
  - - - Filament Flagellin 2nd degree and 4th degree structures.
      - Hook wider protein connector
      - Basal Body anchors into cell wall or plasma membrane
    - - Monotrichous 1 whip
      - Amphitrichous a whip at both ends
      - Lophotrichous a tuft at one end
      - Amphilophotrichous a tuft at both ends
      - Peritrichous hairy dog
    - - Run -swim-directional-attractant
      - Tumble reveral of flagellar rotation- repellant
  - - - beneath outer sheath
      - Spirals around screw
      - contracts to cause "corkscrew" movement
    - - Treponema pallidum STD, Syphilis
      - Borrelia burgdorferi Lyme disease, Tick vector
  - - - Fimbriae
        
        Adheres to surfaces
        
        Hundreds located at poles or surface
        
        Neisseria gonorrhea
        
        Escherichia coli
      - Sex Pili
        
        Longer then fimbriae and less popular
        
        Joins bacteria for genetic exchange
- - - - Staphylococcus aureus
    - - Vibrio cholerae Gm+
      - Escherichia coli O157:H7 Gm-