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Unit 3:Atomic Structure & the Periodic Table (Families of the Periodic…
Unit 3:Atomic Structure & the Periodic Table
Scientists
Ernest Rutherford
Determined the atom was mainly empty space
Responsible for the Gold Foil Experiment
Robert Millikan
Calculated the mass of the electron
J.J Thomson
Described the behavior and charge of the electron
Amadeo Avogrado
Described the number of particles in an element
6.02*10^23
James Dalton
Stated all atoms are identical in their own respective element
Proposed the Atomic Theory
Neutrons
674927.10^-27kg
discovered by James Chadwick
Neutral charged (*)
Electrons
Discovered by J. J. Thomson
the mass of the electron is so small that it is not consider toward atomic mss
Charge (-)
the actual mass of an electron is 9.11*10^-31 Kg.
Families of the Periodic Table
Group Four:
+3 Oxidative Charge
Boron
B - Tl
Group Five:
+/- 4 Oxidative Charge
C - Pb
Carbon Group
Group Three:
Translation Metals
Sc - Hg
Group Six:
Nitrogen Group
N - Bi
-3 Oxidative Charge
Group Two:
Alkaline Earth Metals
+2 Oxidative Charge
Physical Properties
Chemical Properties
Group Seven:
Chalcogens
Physical Properties
Low melting & boiling points that increase steadily down the group
Diatomic Molecules
O - Po
-2 Oxidative Charge
Group One:
H - Fr
Alkaline Metals
+1 Oxidative Charge
Physical Properties
Grey Solids
Easily Cut
Good Conductors of Heat and Electricity
Chemical Properties
Very reactive
Good Electron Donors
One Valence Electron
Group Eight:
Halogens
F - At
-1 Oxidative Charge
Group Nine:
Noble Gases
He - Rn
Inert
Group Ten:
Rare Earth Metals
Actinide Series
Lanthanide Series
Protons
Positive Charge (+)
discovered by Ernest Rutherford
1.67x10^-27kg
Periodic Trends
ionization Energy
Is the energy required to remove an electron from a neutral atom in its gaseous phase at room temperature (25*C)
Electron Affinity
The ability of an atom to accept an electron.
The amount of energy released when the element gains an electron.
Electrogativity
The Atoms ability to attract and bind with other electrons
Fluorine is the most Negative Element
Atomic Radii
The atomic radius is one-half the distance between the nuclei of two atoms