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1.2 Key Terms (Deoxyribonucleic Acid (A double-stranded, helical nucleic…
1.2 Key Terms
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
A double-stranded, helical nucleic acid molecule capable of replicating and determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins.
Nucleotide
A building block of DNA, consisting of a five-carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base and phosphate group
Double Helix
A pair of parallel helices intertwined about a common axis, especially that in the structure of DNA.
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Gel Electrophoresis
The separation of nucleic acids or proteins, on the basis of their size and electrical charge, by measuring their rate of movement through an electrical field in a gel
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Adenine
A component of nucleic acids, energy-carrying molecules such as ATP, and certain coenzymes. Chemically, it is a purine base.
Cytosine
A component of nucleic acids that carries hereditary information in DNA and RNA in cells. Chemically, it is a pyrimidine base.
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Guanine
A component of nucleic acids that carries hereditary information in DNA and RNA in cells. Chemically, it is a purine base.
Model
A simplified version of something complex used, for example, to analyze and solve problems or make predictions.
Ribonucleic Acid
A type of nucleic acid consisting of nucleotide monomers with ribose sugar and the nitrogenous base adenine(A), cytosine(C), guanine(G), and uracil(U); usually single-stranded; functions in protien synthesis and as the genome of some viruses.
Thymine
A component of nucleic acid that carries hereditary information in DNA in cells. Chemically, it is a pyrimidine base.
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Transfer RNA
An RNA molecule that functions as an interpreter between nucleic acid and protein language by picking up specific amino acids and recognizing the appropriate codons in the mRNA.
Translation
The synthesis of a polypeptide using the genetic information encoded in an mRNA molecule. There is a change of language from nucleotides to amino acids.