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1.2 Key terms (Deoxyribonucleic Acid:
a self-replicating material present…
1.2 Key terms
Deoxyribonucleic Acid:
a self-replicating material present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information.
Nucleotide :a compound consisting of a nucleoside linked to a phosphate group. Nucleotide form the basic structural unit of nucleic acids such as DNA.
Double helix: a pair of parallel helices intertwined about a common axis, especially that in the structure of the DNA molecule.
Adenine- a compound that is one of the four constituent bases of nucleic acids. A purine derivative, it is paired with thymine in double-stranded DNA.
Cytosine-a compound found in living tissue as a constituent base of nucleic acids. It is paired with guanine in double-stranded DNA
Genes: a unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring.
"proteins coded directly by genes"
Genetic Material- The genetic material of a cell or an organism refers to those materials found in the nucleus, mitochondria and cytoplasm, which play a fundamental role in determining the structure and nature of cell substances, and capable of self-propagating and variation.
Chromosomes:a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.
Gel electrophoresis: is a laboratory method used to separate mixtures of DNA, RNA, or proteins according to molecular size.
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Guanine- a compound that occurs in guano and fish scales, and is one of the four constituent bases of nucleic acids.
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms: is a difference in homologous DNA sequences that can be detected by the presence of fragments of different lengths after digestion of the DNA samples in question with specific restriction endonucleases.
Model- a three-dimensional representation of a person or thing or of a proposed structure, typically on a smaller scale than the original.
Polymerase Chain Reaction:
is a technique used in molecular biology to amplify a single copy or a few copies of a segment of DNA across several orders of magnitude, generating thousands to millions of copies of a particular DNA sequence.
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Ribonucleic Acid- a linear molecule composed of four types of smaller molecules called ribonucleotide bases: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and uracil (U). ... Each ribonucleotide base consists of a ribose sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
thymine: a compound that is one of the four constituent bases of nucleic acids. A pyrimidine derivative, it is paired with adenine in double-stranded DNA.
Transcription:s the process by which the information in a strand of DNA is copied into a new molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA). DNA safely and stably stores genetic material in the nuclei of cells as a reference, or template.
Transfer RNA: s a type of RNA molecule that helps decode a messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence into a protein. tRNAs function at specific sites in the ribosome during translation, which is a process that synthesizes a protein from an mRNA molecule.
Translation-a step in protein biosynthesis wherein the genetic code carried by mRNA is decoded to produce the specific sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain