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Unit 3: Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table (Periodic Table Families…
Unit 3: Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table
Scientists
J.J. Thomson
Described the electron, the charge of an electron and its behavior.
Robert Millikan
determined the magnitude of the charge on a single electron, and calculated the mass of the electron.
Rutherford
Gold foil experiment, determined that the atom is mostly empty space
Avogadro
Described the number of particles in a substance.
Periodic Trends
Electronegativity
The Atoms ability to attract and bind with electrons
Ionization Energy
Is the energy requireddd to remove an electron from a neutral atom to its gaseous phase at room temperature .
Electron Affinity
Is the ability of an atom to accept an electron
Atomic Radii
Is one half the distance between the nuclei of the two atoms( just like radius is half the diameter of a circle)>
Components of the Atom
Proton
Has a positive charge.
Electron
Has a negative charge,
Neuton
Has no charge
Periodic Table Families (Physical and Chemical Properties)
Alkali Metals
Low melting boiling point, they are soft and can be easily cut with a knife, they have low densities, they react quickly with water. Chemical: Rubidium and Calcium
Alkali Earth Metals
Shiny, silvery white, somewhat reactive metals at standard temperature and pressure, low density's , low melting boiling points.
Transition Metals
Boron Group
Carbon Group
Nitrogen Group
Oxygen Group
Halogen
Noble Gases
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