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Animal Topics 1 Learned helplessness (Theories (Physiological -->…
Animal Topics 1
Learned helplessness
Theories
Physiological
--> focused on norepinephrin depleteion
--> couldn't explain time lag though
Yoked rats = norepiehpirine depletion
----> BUT not the experimental (rats taht could escape shock) or control
showed that blocking norepinephrine uptake for a week gets rid of learned helplessness
#
--> important for depression (learned helpessness was proposed as model for it)
Same for serotonin !!
--> which lead to use of SSRI's today for depression
#
limitation:
--> after 24 hours norepi almost completely restored yet helplessness persists
Behavioral
--> focused on conditioning
--> Y maze (yoked slower to make the right turn and learn to turn of sock)
Conceptual
--> what modulates learned helplessness really?
--> eg. classical conditioning
-----> CS --> predicts US but US is uncontrollable
--> what if controllable shoks dont have bad effects cause they signal period free from shocks and thus act as safety signal?
Depression & learned helplessness
--> proposed by seligman
--> "nothing i do will matter to improve situation" thinking :p which is bs and wrong !! everyone jus tneeds help seeing that :3!!
--> perceived no self efficacy (locus of control of their life)
Positive:
gave idea for behavioral treatment
pushing and helping client to achieve small succeses to overcome "nothing i do helps" thinking
positive reinforcement of active behaviors
provided evidence for effective drug treatments following n depletion discovery of neuroepi and serotionin
the later which lead to devolopment of SSRI which are still main drug used today to treat depression !!
MODEL (reformulated by abrahams)
Event
Perception
Control
--> no learned helplessness
No control
Attribution
Internal
Stable
--> constant
Global
--> always, any situation
1 more item...
local
-->only in specific instance
--> no learned helplessness
local
--> not constant
--> no learned helplessness
External
--> no learned helplessness
Triadic design
Control group
--> no shocks
experimental group
-->pulling / model master group
--> received shocks but could use context to escape it
Yoked (pulled along) group
--> blindly following the exposure of experimental / model / master group, being pulled along, with no choice / escape
--> were exposed to schocks exactly as long as expiremental condition
----> BUT no means of escape and no contextual information
--> any difference between experimental and yoked is then because of some had control and yoked didnt !!