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WHAP Chapter 4 &5 (Chapter 5 (Shang Dynasty (Political (Network of…

- - - - Family was central which meant respect to the elders, parents, rulers(authority).
      - Female line meant that family power, female goddesses, and temples.
    - - Network of walled towns that were loyal to the center.
      - The Shang Dynasty moved their capital six times and a lot of the impressive architecture was created by Ao, Yin.
      - Coordinated irrigation, defense, and agriculture.
    - - Interaction with foreign invaders and nomadic warriors later weakened their strength/power.
    - - Created bronze weapons, pottery, and also created the earliest porcelain.
      - Created the first writing system ever but was only used for ideas and concepts not sound.
    - - Agriculture: Wheat and barley
      - Traded the wheat and barley with central Asian nomads for horses.
  - - - Located on the Yellow and Yangtze rivers.
      - Largest dynasty between the Xia and Shang dynasty.
    - - Animals in most art and dragon pendants were very common.
      - Iron metallurgy allowed for widespread creation of weaponry.
    - - Used the "Mandate of Heaven" and dynastic cycle for the rise and fall of dynasties.
    - - Grew soybeans and created iron axes and ox drawn plows replaced stones, wood and bronze tools.
    - - Had a hierarchy where kings and nobles were at the top, then the military, then merchants and farmers. Women were not treated equally.
- - - - Flooding of the Indus River brought fertile soil for the Harappan Society to use in order to grow crops.
      - Two major cities: Harappa (Punjab Region) and Mohenjo-Dara (Mouth of the Indus river).
    - - They had architecture such as walls, citadels, sewer systems, etc.
      - Standardized system of weights and measurements.
      - Their religion was polytheistic, fertile, and were focused on natural elements.
    - - Planned cities that had leaders and used granary for their form of taxes..
      - Order maintained by caste and religion.
    - - Irrigation agriculture such as wheat. Also, they traded wheat locally, regionally, and transregional.
    - - Harappan civilization later influnced Indian culture.
      - Statues, figurines, and the illustrations that were created all demonstrate how important the tradition of art and metallurgy was to the culture.
      - Venerated goddesses of fertility.
      - Showed evidence of social arrangement. They had dwelling sizes and decorations.
  - - - Early concentration in Punjab which led to the development of iron metallurgy and increasing reliance on agriculture.
    - - The vedas were composed of numerous poems and songs.
      - Sanskrit was the sacred language. Prakit was the everyday language which later evolved into Hindi, Bengali, Urdu.
    - - Tribal connections evolved into political structures.
    - - Had a pastrol economy: sheeps, goats, and cattle. But cattle wasn't sacred until many centuries later.
    - - Caste System's origins in domination of Dravidians. The Hindu class system, varna, is rooted in the traditions of the Aryan people.
      - There was conflict between Aryans and indigenous enemies.