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Biology ~ 1.4 The respiratory system (Nasal cavity (Covered with nasal…
Biology ~ 1.4 The respiratory system
Nasal cavity
Covered with nasal lining
Mucus producing cells
Also called mucous membrane
Nasal hairs trap larger dust particles
Smaller dust particles stick to the nasal lining
Cilia sweep the mucus to the back of the pharynx where it is then swallowed
Mucus makes the nasal cavity moist, small blood vessels just under the surface make the air warm
Sense of smell (olfactory system) is located in the nasal cavity, and warns you if there are any smelly gases
Oral cavity
When you breathe in through your mouth, all this does not happen, so breathing through your mouth is less healthy
Pharynx
Larynx or voice box is located here
The path of the food, and the air taken in crosses here
When you inhale. all the routes are open
When you swallow food, the uvula closes off the nasal cavity, and the epiglottis the windpipe
When they are not closed correctly (f.e. when you laugh), food can go down the wrong way and you can choke
Windpipe and bronchi
Hollow tube, connected to the lower part of the larynx
Horseshoe-shaped cartilage rings around it
Splits into 2 smaller branches, the bronchi.
More smaller tubes, the bronchioles, (these walls have muscles, rather than cartilage rings)
Alveoli
Can be found at the ends of the bronchioles
Are surrounded by a network of tiny blood vessels (lung capillaries)
The walls are extremely thin, this makes sure the gas exchange can happen very easily and fast
The gas exchange happens between the air in the alveoli, and the blood in the lung capillaries
Oxygen from the air comes into theblood, transported to all cells, carbon dioxide is taken up and carried to the lungs