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NEOPLASIA OVERVIEW (BENIGN NOMENCLATURE (MESENCHYMAL TUMORS (rhabdoyoma,…
NEOPLASIA OVERVIEW
BENIGN NOMENCLATURE
EPITHELIAL TUMORS
adenoma
polyp
finger like mass protruding into lumen
papilloma
fibrocascular core
covered by epithelium
MESENCHYMAL TUMORS
rhabdoyoma
leiomyoma
angioma
lipma
fibroma
neuroma
LBENIGN LYMPHOID TUMORS
do not exist
benign lymphoid hyperplasia
BENIGN MELANOCYTE TUMORS
nevus
OTHER BENIGN TUMORS
Teratoma
germ cell line
Hamartoma
disorganize mature ( normal) tissue present in particular site
seen in lung
Choristoma
ectopic rest of normal tissue
adrenal tissue in kidney
CHARACTERISTICS OF BENIGN AND MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS
differentiation
how close to normal
anaplasia
( BAD)
lack of differentiation
dysplasia
loss of uniformity
loss of architectural orientation
re:epithelium
atypia without penetration of BM
grading
mild
moderate
severe (in situ)
metaplasia
criteria for MALIGNANCY
anaplasia
cytology
hyerchromatic nuclei
nuclear pleomorphism
increased N/C ratio
increased fucked up mitotic figures
histology
loss of polarity
necrosis
fast rate of growth
local invasion
metastasis
direct seeding
lymphatic
carcinomas
predictable spread
sentimel node
hematogenous
sarcomas
veins > arteries
portal-> liver
IVC-> lungs
MALIGNANT NOMENCLATURE
CARCINOMA
EPITHELIAL TUMORS
squamous carcinoma
keratin
intercellular bridges
adenocarcinoma
cuboidal or columnar
glandular
transitional cell carcinoma
SARCOMA
skeletal muscle
rhabdomyo sarcoma
cross striations
STRAP CELLS
smooth muscle
leiomyosarcoma
blood vessels
angiosarcoma
fat
lipsarcoma
fibroblasts
fibrosarcoma
spindle cells
diffuse
no cell cohesion
undifferentiated pleiomorphic sarcoma
LYMPHOMA
all malignant
B or T
precursor, mature
hodgkins v nonhodgkins
round cells
diffuse prliferation
no cohesion
MELANOMA
exception to -OMA rule
all malignant
nesting of cells
shape of cells variable