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Noun (Determiners (Articles a/an - the: The cat ate a mouse, Quantifiers…

- - - - Pluralization
        
        Regular plurals
        
        F(E) - VES [VZ] if a word ends on F or FE thief –thieves
        wolf – wolves
        half – halves
        wife – wives
        
        --S
        
        [S] after deaf consonants
        bat – bats
        cat - cats
        blink-blinks
        
        [Z] after vowels and voiced consonants
        shoe – shoes
        hen – hens
        
        -ES
        
        -ES [IZ] if a word ends on "O"
        potato – potatoes
        tomato – tomatoes
        hero – heroes
        Exceptions:
        bamboos, embryos, folios, kangaroos, radios, studios, zoos, Eskimos, Filipines, kilos, photos, pros, pianos, concertos, dynamos, solos, tangos, tobaccos.
        
        -ES [IZ] After whistling or hissing sounds (s, ss, x, sh, ch)
        bass – basses
        match – matches
        leash – leashes
        box – boxes
        
        -IES if a word ends on Y and before is a consonant
        lobby – lobbies
        sky – skies
        BUT -S if a word ends on Y and before is a vowel
        bay – bays
        day – days
        way – ways
        
        Base plurals
        sheep – sheep
        swine – swine
        deer – deer
        grouse – grouse
        series – series
        species – species
        corps – corps
        
        Mutated plurals
        man – men
        woman – women
        tooth –teeth
        foot – feet
        goose – geese
        mouse – mice
        louse – lice
        
        Foreign plurals (in common speech its possible to use regular plural form)
        basis – bases
        crisis – crises
        phenomenon – phenomena
        stimulus – stimuli
        datum – data
        index – indices
        bureau – bureaux
        formula – formulas / formulae
        focus – focuses / foci
        
        Any material can be countable, when we talk about different KINDS of materials:
        Most washing powders are not very kind,
        Will you help me to choose few irons for our factory?
        
        Old English plurals child-children
        ox-oxen
    - - Only singular
        iron, wood, plastic, milk, water (concrete - material) Communism, Buddhism, richness (abstract)
      - Only plural
        the Philippines, the United States (proper)
        Groceries, arms, remains, goods, customs, clothes, thanks, regards, police (common)
        trousers, jeans, pajamas, pants, scissors, spectacles (clothes)
- - - - Animate female living beings, as:
        Woman, girl, aunt, bride, hen - her
    - - Animate male living beings, as:
        Man, boy, bull, uncle, bachelor, ox - his
  - - - Inanimate objects and animals of unknown gender, as:
        Television, lamp, sparrow, chicken, bird, cat, dog - its