Science Fictions by Maddie Latimore

Aliens

Humanity

Time Travel

Post-Human

Artificial Intelligence

Language

Past

Future

The definition of aliens is a creature that does not resemble a human. This definition will vary in the majority of science fiction texts.

Post Apocalypse

In The Twilight Zone episode, The Monsters are Due on Maple Street, the humans all seem to live happily together in a seemingly perfect neighborhood. However, when the aliens arrive, they are able to turn all the humans against each other without the humans knowing that aliens have arrived. The only person who believes there are aliens is a little boy named Tommy. The humans were not able to fight back against the aliens' mind control, and blindly started to attack each other. This text demonstrates the weak willed nature of humanity because the humans' are so easily turned against each other. The humans also did not even fight back because they did not know what they were fighting against because no one believed Tommy.


Aliens are secretly controlling the humans every move in The Monsters are Due on Maple Street.

"They don't feel pain like humans." - The Word for World is Forest by Ursula K. Le Guin, pg 19
Captain Davidson is telling Ok that creechies do not feel pain when they are beaten because they are not humans, so creechies should not be able to feel pain. Just because they are not human means they will not be able to feel real human pain. If it is not human pain, then it is not real pain, which minimizes what the creechies are feeling.

In The Word for World is Forest, human men define themselves as men but creechies define themselves as men (38). This shows that there is no true definition for who is a real "man", and it all depends on the society that one is part of.

"In another moment we were standing face to face, I and this fragile thing out of futurity." - The Time Machine by H.G. Wells, pg 27. This quote demonstrates that what grows in the future is delicate, meaning the future is a much more gentle time than the present time in the story, the 1890s.

"The Athshean word for world is also the word for forest" - The Word for World is Forest by Ursula K. Le Guin, pg 86.
The Athshean's language connects two human words to each other by making them the same word in Athshean. By connecting two words, it signifies their importance to the Athsheans. "World" and "forest" are the connected words, which shows that the Athsheans world is the forest, and that the forest is what brings the Athsheans food and comfort and means for survival. The forest is their home.

Humanoids

There are also cylons in Battlestar Galactica that appear to be human. uploaded image

Robots

The cylons in Battlestar Galactica are robots. uploaded image

In Battlestar Galactica, cylons can imitate human emotions so perfectly that humans are unable to tell cylons apart from real humans. Some cylons act more human than humans. For example, the cylon Six tells a human Gaius Baltar that she loves him, but he is unable to reciprocate the love. Emotions typically denote humanity, but if cylons have emotions, then who is really human?

Oppression

"Ben was a meter high and his back fur was more white than green; he was old, and dumb egven for a creechie, but Davidson knew how to handle them. He could tame any of them, if it was worth the effort." -The Word for World is Forest by Ursula K. Le Guin, pg 12 Captain Davidson is controlling the Athsheans and making them his slaves, even though this particular Athshean is old and will not be that useful around Davidson's property.

According to Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep by Philip K. Dick, what makes an android, or a robot, not human is that "Empathy, evidently, exists only within the human community" (29). By applying this theory to the question of whether or not robots are actually humans, than robots are not. In Battlestar Galactica, Six can feel the emotion love, but love does not equate to empathy. In the movie, Six accidentally kills a baby, but instead of showing empathy towards her actions, she instead looks uncomfortable and walks away. This shows that she does not have empathy because taking a human life barely affects her. According to Dick's definition of humanity, this means the cylons, and robots in general, are not humans because they cannot feel empathy.

Similar to Battlestar Galactica, in Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep by Philip K. Dick, there are companies that are "manufacturers of the Nexus-6 Brain" (27). The brains of the robots are completely artificial, which means that the robots are not truly human, even though they may look and act like it.

The language that the heptapods use in the movie Arrival and the short story Story of Our Lives differs greatly from humans language; the heptapods language constructed of logograms, and one could "write a sentence by sticking together as many logograms as need into a giant conglomeration" (12). When one truly understands this language, one "experiences past and future all at once; [one's] consciousness becomes a half century-long ember burning outside time." (36) Understanding the language means one is able to transcend time and see in to the past and future.

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"Experiences past and future all at once; [one's] consciousness becomes a half century-long ember burnin outside time." - Story of Your Life by Ted Chiang, pg 36. The language of the heptapods brings the past, present, and future together. When understanding the heptapods language, the person is able to see into the past and the future, combining the memories from the two times and expanding ones view of knowledge.

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"It looked like a barrel suspended at the intersection of seven limbs. It was radially symmetric, and any of its limbs could serve as an arm or a leg. The one in front of me was walking around on four legs, three non-adjacent arms curled up at its sides." Story of Your Life by Ted Chiang, pg 5.

Androids are designed to look and think exactly like humans so society is unable to tell them apart from real humans.

In both Battlestar Galactica and Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep, the main enemy of the humans are the robots who the humans are barely able to identify because the robots blend so well in to society.

"Everything was so entirely different from the world I had known" The Time Machine by H.G. Wells, pg 33. The future is so completely different from the world that the Time Traveler knew.

In The Time Machine, the Time Traveller tries to communicate with the Eloi. He "began a series of interrogative sounds and gestures" but hi "first attempts to make the exquisite little sounds of their language caused an immense amount of amusement." (32) The Eloi's language is so much more simple than English that he is unable to successfully communicate at first, until after spending time in the future, he slowly learns how to.

Humanity has gone backwards

In the future, The Time Machine splits humanity in to two groups, represented by two different species. The Eloi represents the simpler, innocent side of humans and humanity, and the Morlocks represents the darker, more evil side of humans and humanity.

In Kindred humanity has literally gone backwards because when Dana goes back in time to ante-bellum South, all the modern views and progress that has been made in the 1900s is erased and she has to learn the values that seem so ancient to what she is used too. For Dana, all white men, including her husband, start to slowly collapse together for her.

The Morlocks oppress the Eloi. The Eloi are unable to come out at night for fear of being hunted and killed by the Morlocks. The Eloi seem to exist in happiness until it is nighttime, when the threat of the Morlocks is present, and the Eloi become fearful. The Morlocks treat the Eloi like cattle, and the Eloi are livestock ready to be eaten by the Morlock.

When Dana goes back in time to ante-bellum south in Kindred, as a black woman, she is beaten and verbally abused by the white people in the South. She is oppressed because Dana has gone from having freedom and power in the 1970s to be a slave and having no rights in ante-bellum South.

The clones in Never Let Me Go were oppressed. They were hidden away from society. The clones were raised in boarding schools that they were never allowed to leave. Once they graduated from the boarding schools, they were sent to all live together in different communities around England. The clones were not caged in; they could have escaped, however, because of the way they were raised in Hailsham and the other boarding schools, the clones had no desire to leave this life that was planned out for them. The clones were conditioned to not question the fact that they were growing up to eventually die. They may not have liked it, evident by trying to get a deferral by proving that you were in love, but they always accepted it. This is an example of subtle oppression because adults in society are raising children to harvest them for their organs, and they are giving the clones no way to fight for or think for themselves.

In Kindred, Dana is sucked in to the past whenever her ancestor, Rufus, is in trouble. She is only able to travel back in to the future whenever she feels like she is about to die. For Dana, time travel is a dangerous event that ultimately results in her losing an arm. For Dana to time travel, there are no specific logistics for her to go, like in The Time Machine.

In Never Let Me Go, even thought the clones seem human, they are still considered artificial intelligence because they are not technically considered "human" in the novel.

In Never Let Me Go and Story of Your Life, people were created just to die. The clones were created with the sole purpose of harvesting their organs, and Louise brought her daughter in to this world knowing she would die young. While both texts had different reasons for bringing the children in to the world, the end result is a lack of humanity and empathy shown in both texts because humans are only thinking of how having these kids in their lives will benefit them, and not the tax it will have on the kids.

In Never Let Me Go, humanity has gone backwards because people are creating clones that have emotions and are almost humans, and then they are harvesting the clones for their organs. The clones are humans because for their organs to be used in human bodies the clones themselves have to be humans or else the organs would not work, so for society to raise people to kill them is a step backwards from the current morals society holds in present.

"In a moment I was clutched by several hands, and there was no mistaking that they were trying to haul me back" The Time Machine by H.G. Wells, pg 67 The Morlocks are a violent species who want to attack and hurt others of their kind. The Morlocks are smart and calculating.

"They would come to me with eager cries of astonishment, like children, but like children they would soon stop examining me and wander away after some other toy." The Time Machine by H.G. Wells, pg 32 The Eloi are young and innocent, with very short attention spans. By comparing them to children, he is reducing them to a very simple species who are capable of very little. They are not very smart either.

"Since each of us was copied at some point from a normal person, there must be, for each of us, somewhere out there, a model getting on with his or her life." Never Let Me Go by Kazuo Ishiguro, pg 139. Clones have been created from a specific person. They look exactly like humans, and their organs are human too, because people use the clones as organ donors. Despite the fact that the clones are basically humans, it is still considered post-human because of the technology used to create the clones, and the fact that the clones are not actually treated like humans even thought literally have all the same parts as humans and look exactly like humans.

"The oldest among us will recognize that glow-/But the word sun will hae been re-assigned/To the Standard Uranium-Neutralizing device" (13-15) Sci-Fi by Tracy K. Smith
These lines show how science fiction is pulling the world in to a different time that is more electronic and less natural life. This can be seen as a progression in to the future or the past. It is a progression in to the future because the world is becoming more advanced and leaving behind its more simpler roots. It can be seen as a progression in to the past because the world is becoming so modernized that humans will forget their roots.

Pessimistic

Optimistic

In Ray Bradbury's short story, There Will Come Soft Rains, it depicts a house that still has all the electronics running, but no humans in it. Eventually the house burns down. Technology has outlasted humans, and when nothing is left, technology still will be.

In Station Eleven, society is slowly being rebuilt. Due to the Georgian flu, society has gone back to being more primitive, which means it is able to be rebuilt eventually.

In both novels, even though one is more optimistic than the other, both portray negative views of the apocalypse. Even though society is able to be rebuilt in Station Eleven, the apocalypse has destroyed what society was before, and it is unclear if society will ever get back to the advanced state it was in because everything is gone. In There Will come Soft Rains, the apocalypse has destroyed humanity and almost all technology, and there is no coming back from that because there is no one left to rebuild society.

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The Time Machine by H.G. Wells

Morlocks

Eloi

"Plainly, this second species of Man was subterranean. There were three circumstances in particular which made me think that its rare emergence above ground was the outcome of a long-continued underground look common in most animals that live largely in the dark - the white fish of the Kentucky caves, for instance. Then, those large eyes, with that capacity, are common features of nocturnal things -witness the owl and the cat. And last of all, that evident confusion in the sunshine, that hasty yet fumbling awkward flight towards dark shadow, and that peculiar carriage of the head while in the light", The Time Machine by H.G. Wells, pg 57 The Morlocks can only spend time in the dark; they live in caves during the day and come out at night. The Morlocks have evolved to be only able to function in the dark. They thrive best at night.

"I saw some further peculiarities in their Dresden-china type of prettiness. Their hair, which was uniformly curly, came to a sharp end at the neck and cheek; there was not the faintest suggestion of it on the face, and their ears were singularly minute. The mouths were small, with bright red, rather thin lips, and the little chins ran to a point. The eyes were large and mild" The Time Machine by H.G. Wells, pg 28 Everything about the Eloi is very small race of people. By being described as "Dresden-china type of prettiness", it means they are very delicate and fragile in their looks, similar to they way a doll looks. They are also not very hairy, which also contributes to the Eloi as a species looking very young and childish.

The Time Machine's idea of a fragile future connects the idea of knowing what will happen in the future in Story of Your Life. In Story of Your Life, because Louise learned the heptapods language, she knows exactly when and how her daughter will die, but she chooses to have her daughter anyway even though she had the knowledge to potentially save someone she could have loved by not bringing her in to existence. The situation that Louise is in, whether to have her daughter or not even though Louise knows her daughter will eventually die by falling off a cliff, shows the fragility of the future because being able to know what will happen in the future makes every move you make could effect what happens. In the case of Story of Your Life, the future is fragile because every small action in the present could effect what happens in the future, and if you already know what happens in the future, then you are constantly questioning whether or not a specific action was the cause of an event.

"and we can't get out/to be real or present" (10-11) Science Fiction by Les Murray The poem is claiming that science fictions, which is what Battlestar Galactica is, traps the reader in a bubble that does not allow the reader to be who they really are because science fictions is pulling them in to an alternate universe that does not even feel real. The poem is claiming that the world of science fictions is not real itself, so if the world that holds the cylons is not even real, then the cylons and even humans themselves would not technically be human or alive.

Stranger Things S01 E08 - Chapter Eight: The Upside Down In the television show Stranger Things, aliens come in two different forms; one alien looks exactly like a human, and the other alien looks more like a quintessential alien.

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This is the demogorgan.

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This is Eleven, a girl with psychokinetic abilities. She is technically human, but because of her special powers that set her apart from other humans, she is technically considered alien.

In Stranger Things S01 E08 - Chapter Eight: The Upside Down, the upside down is an alternate universe that exists at the same time as the real world. The upside down mirrors exactly the environment of the real world, except the upside down is dark and desolate, and the main organisms that can survive in the upside down are aliens, not humans. The first picture shows how what is happening in the real world is the exact same in the upside down, except more sinister. The second picture is a picture of the upside down. uploaded image

"What they said...was that if you were a boy and a girl, and you were in love with each other, really, properly in love, and if you could show it, then the people who run Hailsham, they sorted it out for you. They sorted it out so you could have a few years together before you began your donations" Never Let Me Go by Kazuo Ishiguro, pg 153. Even thought the clones are not technically humans and are not part of human society, they still have emotions. The clones are able to love and feel connected with other people, Their ability to love, along with the fact that they look like humans, adds to the argument that the clones are actually humans, and not artificial life.

"The genre is dead. Invent something new." (13) The End of Science Fiction by Lisel Muller The poem is describing how as society has become more advanced, so has the technology, so much so that science fiction novels are turning in to a reality. The author thinks we should create a simpler time, which is what the world was like before all the technology was invented. This poem describes the past and the future as being one because the author thinks the simpler time of the past would be a good fit for the future.

Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back - In Star Wars, the forces of good are pitted against the forces of evil to fight for control of the galaxy.

Darth Vadar leads the Sith, the evil forces in Star Wars.

Luke Skywalker is one the most prominent fighters for the Rebel Forces, the good forces. uploaded image

In Ray Bradbury's short story, There Will Come Soft Rains, technology is the only thing left. Even after the house burns down, an electronic voice can still be heard as surviving the fire. Technology outlasted humans and nature itself, which shows how in the post-human world, technology is in control over everything.

In Ray Bradbury's short story, There Will Come Soft Rains, technology has become so advanced that the world does not need humans anymore. In the story, there is a house with no humans left, but the house is still running on its own. It can cook food and clean, and does not need humans to control it. Technology has eclipsed the world's need for humans.

Humanity has gone forwards.

For the Athsheans, men and women have equal power. There are jobs specific for each gender, but everyone trusts one another to do a good job of whatever they are supposed to do. They work in tandem with one another.

The humans in Word for World is Forest try to prove their dominance over each other, over other species, and over the forest. They are not working together towards a common goal, but trying to put others down to make sure they look like the best.

Free Will

In Story of Your Life and Arrival, for Louise to understand the heptapod's language in order to know the future, her free will cannot exist because once her she knows the future, all of the choices she makes will be based off of a determining factor in the future. She will never be able to make a choice just because she wants to anymore because she will always have knowledge of something that could effect her choices.

In Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep, the virtual reality created by the Mercer machine is a way non-human way to join people together to all watch Mercer and experience what he is thinking.

In Station Eleven, people handle and survive the apocalypse in different ways. Jeevan is very prepared for the apocalypse, and buys so much stuff and holes himself up in an apartment until it is safe to come out. However, Clarke survives the apocalypse because of luck. Certain moments in his life went a certain way for him to have survived the Georgian flu.

The clones in Never Let Me Go do not have free will because the end game of their life was scripted for them before the clones were even created. No matter what they did, short of running away, the clones would always become organ donors.