Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
CLINICAL ASPECTS OF NEOPLASIA (Lab Diagnsosis (molecular cytogenic…
CLINICAL ASPECTS OF NEOPLASIA
Clinical Presentation
impinging on normal structures
HORMONE SYNTHESIS
endocrine tumors
benign > malignang
e.g prolactinoma
cachexia
secondary to TNK produced by tumor
paraneoplastic syndromes
endocrinopathy
small cell carcinoma (ACTH) *most common
hypercalcemia
osteolysis
PTHRP- squamous lung
neuoromyopathy
MG-like, peripheral neuropathy
acanthosis nigricans
verrucous hyperkeratosis
hypertrophy osteoarthropathy
distal bone overgrowth
arthritis of adjacent joints
clubbing digits
hypercoaguable state
DIC
migratory thrombophlebitis
venous thrombosis
nonbacerial thrombic endocarditis
Grade
level of differentiation
well, moderate poor
1-4
low v high
cytology/
histology
pleimomorphiism
dark nuclei
mitotic figures
high N/C ratio
PATHOLOGIST
Stage
PATHOLOGIST + CLINICIAN
extent of spread
T- size
1-4
is- in situ
N- nodes
1-3
M- metastases
0-1
Lab Diagnsosis
IHC
categorize undifferentiated malignant
carcinoma- kerating
sarcoma- vimentin
lymphoma-LCA
melanoma-panmelanoma
det. site of origin
prostate- PSA< PSAP
Thyroid- Tg
therapeutic molecules
ER,
PR
Her2Neu
biopsy
H&E
aspiration
giemsa, pap
Flow Cytometry
B/T cell
Circulating Tumor Cells
"liquid biopsy"
molecular cytogenic
malignancy
lymphoma
IG, TCR rearrangement
CML
t(9,22)
cytogenetics
FISH
sarcoma
prognosis
phillie chromosome
better prognosis
detection of min. residue disease
BRC-ABL
residual tumor after CML treatment
Fhx predisposition
BRCA1
BRCA2
guiding Tx
CML--> t(9,22)--> BRCABLE
TK inhibitors
lung adenocarcinoma
EGFR/ALK inhibitors
melanoma
BRAF mutation
Tumor Markers
hormones
HCG-choriocarcinoma
calcitonin- medullary carcinoma thyroid
catelcholamines, metbaolites-adrenal pheochromo
oncofetal antigens
afp- hepatocellular carcinoma yollk sac tumor testis and ovary
CEA- carcinoembronic antigen- colon carcinoma
enzymes
PAP- prostatic cancer
neuron specifc enolase- small cl, neuroblastoma
specific proteins
monocloal IG- mm
PSA- prostat carcinoma
mucins/glycoproteins
CA-125- ovarian carcinoma
CA-19-19- pancreatic carcinoma