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Hitler's Ideology and its Origins (The Fuhrerprinzip (The…
Hitler's Ideology and its Origins
Superiority of the German race
Originated from the writings of Johann Gottfried von Herder in the late 18th century
both were German philosphers
This was prior to the
unification
of Germany
Georg Hegel suggested that it was fate for Germany to unite as a single state due to their 'superior race'
Herrenvolk
: the supremacy of German Aryans
Anti-Semitism
Discrimination against European Jews was common before the 19th century
Anti-semitic belief re-emerged during Germany's industrialisation due to city jobs being available to Jews as well as German Aryans
These beliefs were encouraged by influential anti-semitic writings from both native Germans and other Europeans
Journalist Wilhelm Marr published
The Victory of the Jew over the German
in 1873, and it went into 12 editions within 6 years
Kaiser Wilhelm II was anti-semitic
Julius Langbehn's words largely parallel Hitler's descriptions of Jews, referring to them as "pest and cholera" and "poison polluting the purity of the Volk"
Prior to Hitler's time in Vienna, it was likely that his anti-semitism was quite passive, but there he was exposed to explicit reinforcement of those believes through news, literature, and Wagner's music
Hitler was a victim of propaganda in Wagner's politically charged art
The pro-Aryan monthly journal called "Ostaria" used the
swastika
logo
The Fuhrerprinzip
In the 1880s, Nietzsche suggested that a man with the "will to power" was needed to lead others and said leader was naturally, biologically superior
just as there were biologically superior people, there were such individuals
The concept of an
Übenmensch
or superhuman is the main principle behind the Fuhrerprinzip
the principle that the leader's will is the source of all political authority
The Fuhrerprinzip and Hitler's political techniques were largely a product of two Austrian political parties
Austria's Pan-German Nationalist Party introduced Hitler to the title of Fuhrer, used by the party's founder, rallies, and
the Heil greeting
. They believed in the racial superiority of German-speaking Austrians
Hitler despised the inefficiency of democracy in Vienna for its level of compromise and lack of unity, although he admired the techniques of the Austrian social democratic party, primarily their speeches, and later applied him to his own propaganda
Vienna's racist, anti-semitic mayor Karl Lueger also served as a passive influence
Social Darwinism
Darwin's theories on evolution were applied to humanity and the term "survival of the fittest" was coined by British philosopher Herbert Spencer
Accepted by composer Richard Wagner, who was one of Hitler's favourite musicians
The belief that humans, races, and states instinctively fought against one another. Social Darwinism implies that warfare was healthy for the human race and allowed for the "best" to rise to the top and shape future generations, whereas the "weak" were weeded out
Hitler's ideology was summarised in
Mein Kampf
Germany had to fight the international threat of communism
Communism was a weapon of the Jews to be used for world domination
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Only National Socialism could combat communism
Racial unity and authoritarian control were needed to prepare Germany for war to obtain
Lebensraum
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