Foodborn pathogen
BACTERIA
Campylobacter Jejuni 
Morphology
-spiral- shape, non- spore forming.
-gram negative microaerophilic
-commonly found in animal traces.
Growth requirement
-best at 37-45°c
Symptoms
-abdominal pain😩, diarrhea(sometime bloody), : fever and nausea 😵
Diagnosis
-culture of stool specimen.
Mode of transmission
*consumption of contaminated food or water directly contact with infected animal including pets.
Clostridium Botulinum 
Morphology
gram +ve, rod shape, anerobic.
spore formation,.no time bacterium.
Diagnosis
Take blood, stool or gastric secretion sample.
Mode of transmission
*injection of inadequately cooked food or processed or refrigerated foods in which toxin particularly canned and alkaline foods.
Clostridium Perfringens 
Symptoms
*double vision, droopy eyelids, trouble speaking and swallowing and difficult to breath.
Morphology
+ve, spore formation.
anaerobic, rod shape bac that produce an enterotoxin which released by intes6.
Growth requirement.
*tem- 15-55°c, ph 5-9
Symptoms
*abdominal cramps, watery, diarrhea.
Diagnosis
stool specimen
determine the num of bac in feces.
mode of transmission
-consuming large num of CP vegetative cell present in the food.
FUNGAI
MOLD
Monilia
Mucor
Gibberella
Penicillium
Aspergillus
Sclerotinia
YEAST
Debaryomyces
Kloeckera
False/ Wild yeast
PARASITE
Parasite Worms
Trematoda
Cestoda
Nematoda
Anisakis and pseudoterranova
Clonorchis/ Opisthorchis (liver flukes)
Taenia spp.
VIRUSES
Rotavirus
Norwalk virus
Hepatitis A virus
Escherichia coli 0157:H7 
Symptoms
*diarrhea that often is bloody, nausea, fever (37.7- 38.3°c), loss of appetite and vomiting.
Mode of transmission
consuming contaminated water, raw milk, uncooked vegetables or fruits.
person to person
Growth requirements
tem 4 - 45°c
pH 3-6
Diagnosis
*
Morphology
-gram negative, rod shape (bacilli) bacterium, toxic forming aerobic.
Salmonella
Morphology
*gram negative, non -spore forming for.
Diagnosis
*stool specimen
Growth requirements
tem 4- 46°c
pH 4.1 - 9.0
Mode of transmission
person to person or animal to person.
Symptoms
*stomach pain, diarrhea, nausea, fever, headache. Appear 6 to 48 hours.
Shigella 
Staphylococcus Aureus 
Streptococcus Aureus 
Diagnosis: stool test.
Growth requirement: Tem- 10- 40 c, pH- below 4-5
Morphology: gram negative non spore forming, facultative anaerobic, rod shape bacteria.
Mode of transmission: contaminated food or water contect with infected objective or sexsual contect.
Symptoms: diarrhea, vomitting, abdominal pain, and fever.
Diagnosis: culture the bacteria
Growth requirement: Tem- 4 - 46 C, pH- 4.8-8.0
Morphology: gram positive, facultative aerobic spherical bacteria, produce a very heat stable toxin.
Mode of transmission: improper handing of food. food contaminated by human.
Symptoms: several abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea dehydration and fever.
Diagnosis:culture the bacteria.
Growth requirement: Tem- 4 -46 C, pH- 4.8-8.0
Morphology: gram positive, appear grape like cluster,
Mode of transmission: improper handling of food and the food is contaminated by human.
Symptoms: several abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea dehydration and fever.
Listeria Monocytogenes 
Growth requirement: Tem- 45 - 1 c, pH- 4.5-9.6
Mode of transmission: direct contact with infections material or soil contaminated with infection animal feces.
Symptoms: abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, fever and headache.
Diagnosis: stool test.
Morphology: gram positive and rod shape bacteria.
Growth requirements.
*3-48°c , ph 4.6- 8.9
incubation: 10-50 days
Human is infected by eat or drink food or water that has been contaminated by feces, sexual practices oral-anal contact and does not wash hand properly after toilet and touch other object.
symptoms: sudden fever, jaundice, vomiting, abdominal discomfort, fatigue and bile in urine(dark urine).
incubation: 1-3 days.
inflammation of stomach and intestine.
Human infected by ingestion of contaminated food or water and direct contact with contaminated surface and putting hand in the mouth.
symptoms: fever, stomach cramps, dehydration, vomiting and diarrhea.
eating food or drinking water with contaminated with norovirus.
recovery: 12 - 60 hours usually.
symptoms: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, low grade fever and malaise.
Protozoan parasite
Giardia lambia
Toxoplasma gondi
diagnosis: blood test.
symptoms: fever, headache, muscle pain,sore throat, and swollen lymph node.
infected by consuming raw or uncooked meat, from a blood transfusion or organ transplant, transplacental transmission from mother to fetus and by ingesting contaminated water, soil or vegetable.
obligated, intracellular, parasite protozoan that causes toxoplasmosis.
Entamoeba histolytica
symptoms: abdominal pain, fever, severe diarrhea, and vomiting.
infect a person when ingest food or water has been contaminated within fected feces.
an anaerobic and cause Amoebiasis.
Cryptosporidium parvum
infected by, drinking untreated water,eating contaminated food.
some individual has no symptoms at all.
symptoms: watery diarrhea, stomach pain, dehydration, nausea, vomiting, fever,and weight loss.
cause Cryptosporidiosis, it is a diarrheal disease.
person to person.
cause Giardiasis
parasite that live in the intestine of animalor people.
frequent method of infection is by consuming contaminated food or water and also through hand-to-mouth transmission.
symptoms: abdominal cramp, diarrhea, gas and nausea.
found with fish.
treatment: physical removal of larva.
humans are accidental host and these larva cannot mature in human gut.
Ascaris Lumbricoides
intestine roundworm.
caused more severe infection in the liver or lungs.
ingest contaminated food and water.
diagnosis: stool sample.
lodge in the liver of infected human and other animal causing blockage and hyperplasia of the bile passages.
diagnosis: stool sample.
light infection can cause mild symptoms like liver dysfunction
heavy infection can cause symptoms like hepatitis and digestive disorders.
human infected by consuming contaminated food and water, direct hand, and fecally contaminated vegetable.
Taenia seginata (pork tapeworm) and Taenia solium (beef tapeworm)
symptoms: abdominal pain, diarrhea, altered appetite, and constipation.
diagnosis: stool specimen
caused by tapeworm.
when the larva reach brain cause neurocysticerosis
produce long,slender, pigmented, and conidiophores.
mycelium - septate
also refer to crown rot, stem rot, cottony rot, watery soft rot, drop and blossom blight.
able to produce black irregular sclerotia - cause grey mold condition on plant foods.
important cause of market disease of fruits and vegetables.
plant pathogenic fungus cause a disease called white mold.
produce extensive mycelium that is cottony in culture with tinges of pink, purple or yellow.
important in spoilage of of vegetable and fruits.
conidia: canoe shape,born single or in chains.
produce white or grey mycelia that bear branches.
conidia: pin or tan in mass
cause brown rot of fruits, red bread moulds.
Cephalothecium
produce mycelium that bear long,slender and simple conidiophores.
conidia: single, apically, sometime group of chain.
pink on vegetables and fruits.
produce non septate mycelium
the spore smooth,regular, and borne with sporangium.
found in large number of foods.
produce septate mycelium
color of food, blue to green-blue.
widespread in soil, dust, air and etc.
found in bread, cakes, fruits and preserves.
important in making cheese, and production of antibiotic (penicillin)
prduce septate mycelia, some aflatoxins, ochratoxin.
found in cake, fruits and vegetables.
appear yellow to green to black on foods.
conidia: one called, globose, and variously colored in mass
produce a pseudomycelium
do not display sexual reproduction
some are yeast like organisms along with common molds.
difficult to distinguish morphologically and culturally.
reproduce by multipolar budding
found in the surface of spoilage of food such as pickle, sausage, wine, fresh and cured meats.
non spore forming yeast.
common in fruits
possess both fermentative and oxidative abilities.
some cause of flavour and turbidity in wine.