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RURAL AND URBAN SETTLEMENT (Rural (Size (hamlet (loose grouping of a few…
RURAL AND URBAN SETTLEMENT
Rural
Unifunctional
have one main function
farming, fishing, foresty, mining
Patterns
Nucleated
Buildings are arranged close to one another
advantages
more interaction with people
share
ideas
costs
disadvantages
not enough privacy
share
profits
machinery
Dispersed / isolated
Buildings are arranged far apart from one another
advantages
more privacy
own
decisions
profit
machinery
disadvantages
not enough interaction with people
pay all costs
no idea sharing
Size
farmstead
hamlet
loose grouping of a few farmsteads
village
denser grouping of many farmsteads
land use
Subsistence farming
for own consumption by family living on farm
Commercial farming
Reasons for location
site
Availability of water
Arable (fertile) land
Pastoral (grazing) land
situation
Above the flood line away from a river
On the north-facing slope for warmer temperatures
In the thermal belt for warmer night time temperatures
Next to a road for accessibility
rural-urban migration
Push factors
drought or floods
lack of facilities
lack of services
lack of housing
Pull factors
goverment help more during drought and floods
better facilities; education, medical facilities
better access to services
more and better housing
strategies
Agenda 21
Urban
Multifunctional
have many functions
Size
town
city
metropolis
conurbation
megalopolis
Reasons for location
site
Availability of water
Soil that drain easily
Rock structure
Relief
Transport and trade
situation
secondary
tertiary activities
Types
Central places
supply rural
goods + services
low order
needed often
bread, milk
high order
not needed that often
buying Tv's, specialized doctors
threshold population
range
sphere of influence/ service area
Trade and transport
transport routes meet
break of bulk
type of transport changes
junction
gap
Specialised
CRIME mnemonic
Commuter
Resort
Industry
Mining
Education
Structure
profile
buildings are higher where the land is more expensive
street patterns
Gridiron
adv: cannot get lost
adv: shorter distance to travel
adv: Little wastage of land
dis: Traffic congestion
dis: More accidents
Found: CBD and older cities
Radial
adv: easier flow of traffic
adv: all roads lead to central point
dis: traffic jams
dis: space is wasted
Found: Older cities
Planned irregular
Found: Modern cities and newer suburbs
adv: Improves flow of traffic
adv: accommodates nature of the typography
dis: easy to get lost
dis: not easy to divide land
Unplanned irregular
Found: informal settlements
adv: unique pattern
dis: traffic congestion
no order
get lost easily
land use zones
CBD Central Business District
Transition zone
Light industry
Heavy industry
Middle to high income residential
Low income residential
Informal settlement
Green belt/ recreation
Rural urban fringe
Land use models
Multiple nuclei model
Modern American-Western city model
Third world city model
South African city model
Urban settlement problems
Congestion
Urban decay
Centralisation
