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CLIMATE AND WEATHER (Mid-Latitude Cyclones (Characteristics (around centre…

- - - - westerly wind belt
    - - clockwise
        
        southern hemisphere
      - anticlockwise
        
        northern hemisphere
- - - - Equatorial low pressure zone
      - Subtropical high pressure zone
      - Subpolar low pressure zone
      - Polar high pressure zone
    - - Coriolis force
  - - - Hadley (tropical) cell
      - Ferrel (mid-latitude) cell
      - Polar cell
  - - - Winds to left in Southern hemisphere, right in Northern hemisphere
- - - - water
        
        heats slow
        
        cools slow
    - - west
        
        cold Benguela
        
        low temps
        
        less rain
      - east
        
        warm Mozambique
        
        high temps
        
        more rain
  - - - high alttitude
        
        higher = cooler
  - - - cool dry winds
        
        SW Cape
    - - warm moist winds
        
        east coast
    - - clear sky
      - warm temps
      - summer rainfall
- - - - forcefully
      - forces warm air to go up
    - - changes more gradual
      - not as abrupt
  - - - air masses: large volumes of air general the same temperature and pressure
- - - - day
        
        warm, less dence air rises up the valley sides
      - take pollution out of the valley
    - - night
        
        cold, dence air subsides down the valley slopes
      - trap pollution in the valley
      - brings cold temperatures to the valley
      - leads to thermal belt
    - - forms when air near surface cools due to terrestrial radiation
    - - the direction in which a slope faces
      - slopes facing north
        
        are warmer
        
        sun's rays are more direct
      - slopes facing south
        
        are cooler
        
        sun's rays are indirect
  - - - has warner temeratures than surrounding rural areas
      - Factors that cause heat island
        
        Artificial surfaces
        
        tar absorb more heat
        
        Surface area (side of buildings)
        
        greater area more heat is absorbed
        
        Pollution
        
        More factories and cars
        
        Artificial heat sources
        
        Factories, cars, air conditioners release heat into the air
      - Sustainable ways to reduce effects
        
        Promote greenbelts
        
        Plant more trees in city
        
        Planting rooftop gardens
        
        Height of buildings should have a limit