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ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY OF SA (Secondary economic activities (Location of an…
ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY OF SA
Consepts
GDP: Gross domestic product
GNP: Gross national product
MEDC's
Countries that are more developed than others
LEDC's
Countries that are less developed in the world
Primary economic activities
extracting raw materials from the earth
eg
farming
fishing
forestry
mining
Farming
types
crop farming
stock farming
mixed farming
Small scale
Large scale
Factors favouring farming
Fertility
Demand
Rain
Temperatures
F
armer
D
an
R
eaps
T
omatos
Factors hindering farming
Hazards
Price
Soil
Health
Rainfall
Pests
H
ungry
P
eople
S
eek
H
ealty
R
ound
P
otatoes
Importance of farming
Provide employment
Provides food less needs to be imported
Improves country's economy
Food security and insecurity
Climate change
Mining
types
open cast
shaft
Factors favouring mining
Minerals
Labour
Foreighn
Investment
Infrastructure
M
iners
L
ove
F
inding
I
mportant
I
rons
Factors hindering mining
Safety
Water
Costs
Distances
Temperatures
Strikes
S
ometimes
W
orkers
C
an
D
ig
T
oo
S
lowly
Importance of mining
Provide employment
stimulates other sectors of the economy
stimulates industrial development
Impact of mining on the environment
natural vegetation is removed
The land is destroyed
Secondary economic activities
Processing of raw materials and manufacturing of goods
Industries
sugar refinery
sawmill
tannery
Light industry
Jewellery making, clothes factory,
computer manufacturer, food and
beverages
CBD; in the zone of decay;
in an industrial estate
Uses existing road network and local
power supply
Has little to no impact on the surrounding
area
Heavy industry
Power stations, iron and steel factory,
motor vehicle factory, paper mill
On the outskirts of a city; in rural areas
near the raw material source
Utilises a large amount of water and
causes air and noise pollution
Location of an industry
raw-material
orientated
market orientated
Transport
Energy
Labour
Link industries
Government policies
Factors favouring
wide
range of raw materials
well-developed infrastructure
availability of cheap, level (flat) land
availability of a large skilled and unskilled labour force
Factors hindering
large distances between South Africa and its foreign markets
shortage of skilled labour in South Africa
Labour strikes
Water and electricity shortages
Importance of industrial development
export processed goods earn more foreign exchange
more and higher paid employment
Industrial growth stimulates the development of all other services
and facilities
Main industrial regions
PWV (Pretoria–Witwatersrand–Vereeniging)(Gauteng)
Southwestern Cape
Durban–Pinetown
Port Elizabeth–Uitenhage
Strategies for industrial development
Spatial Development Initiative (SDI)
Industrial Development Zones (IDZ)
Coega IDZ
East London IDZ
Richards Bay IDZ
tertiary economic activities
selling of goods and provision of
services.
formal sector
informal sector
Characteristics
self-employed
casual labour
unskilled or semi-skilled workers
hawkers, parking
guards and casual labourers
Importance
provides an income to many people
Consumers can buy goods in smaller quantities and at a lower price
Reasons for the development
Large scale job losses
Greater mechanisation
lack of formal qualifications
Problems or challenges
Traders are frequently harassed by local authorities
Traders do not have access to proper trading facilities
Traders and their goods are exposed to the weather
Quaternary economic
activities
deal with communication, technology and
research
new product development,
medical research, customer surveys and market research, call centres,
facebook, Google and other information age businesses.
Understanding graphs
and tables
study the table or graph before you read
the questions
bar graphs
pie charts
tables
