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MUSCULAR SYSTEM (TOURETTE'S SYNDROME & BOTOX (TS -> inhereited…
MUSCULAR SYSTEM
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NEURAL DISORDER EXAMPLES
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Piriformis Syndrome: Sciatic nerve (runs from lower back -> buttock through lower limb <-> longest, widest nerve) is aggrevated by piriformic muscle ("pear-shaped" -> gluteal region of lower limb <-> 'buttock muscles)
Tourettes Syndrome: Leads to involuntary, rapid & repetitive muscle movements & vocalisation -> 'tics'
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ROLE OF MUSCLE TISSUE
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SKELETAL MUSCLE - responsible for body movements, posture, support of body joints & other structures
CARDIAC MUSCLE - Comprise atria & ventricles -> heart's automotive diastole (relaxation; fill blood) and systole (contraction; eject blood)
SMOOTH MUSCLE - Hollow organ contraction (G.I. bladder, blood vessels)
SKELETAL MUSCLE
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Bone attachments, joint movement
Has striations -> contractile elements, actin & myosin (ACTIN - THIN, contractile protein filament -> contain active/binding sites. MYOSIN - THICK, contractile protein filaments, w/ protrusion -> myosin heads)
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CARDIAC MUSCLE
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Has striations. But w/ branching fibres for cardiac cell linking -> allows widespread AP & sent simultaneously -> well-timed, forceful contraction
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Involuntary control w/ sympathetic, speed-up & parasympathetic, slow-down
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CONNECTIVE TISSUE LAYERS
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Three, continuous layers -> insert to muscle tendon. Provides access for nerves & blood vessels from layers
ENDOMYSIUM (deepest): loose, alveolar connective tissue surrounding each muscle fibre (cell). Ensheates individual myocytes. Contains capillaries & nerves
PERIMYSIUM (middle): Fibrous connective tissue surrounding fasicles (group of muscle fibres into bundles) -> provides stability to prevent muscle fibre tear)
EPIMYSIUM (superficial): Dense, irregular connective tissue surrounding entire skeletal muscle
THICK FILAMENTS
Myosin filament composed of many joined, myosin molecules
Myosin filament composed of: a LONG TAIL, 2 HEADS
'Head' portion does 'crawling' in sarcomere & LINKS THICK, THIN FILAMENTS
THIN FILAMENTS
Composed of: ACTIN, TROPONIN, TROPOMYOSIN
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Troponin & tropomyosin serve to either ALLOW/BLOCK MOVEMENTS IN SARCOMERE from occuring -> DEPENDENT ON Ca2+ LEVELS
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