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URINARY SYSTEM (URINE COMPOSITON (PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS (COLOUR &…

- - - - Urea (from protein metabolism)
      - Creatinine (from muscle metabolism)
      - Uric Acid (Nucleic Acid metabolism)
      - Sulphates, Phosphates (need plasma <-> ATP)
      - Drugs, Antibiotics, Food Additives etc.
  - - - Renal Artery
      - Renal Vein
      - Ureter
      - Nerves
      - Lymphatics
    - - Papillary ducts empty urine -> calyces (cup-like structure receiving urine from renal pappila)
- - - - Blood filtration
      - GLOMERULUS - whitish, network of capillaries (beginning at nephron). 1st filtration stage. Blood plasma filtered through capillaries of glomerulus. Afferent arteriole (high pressure/resistance) -> blood -> Efferent arteriole. Forced out -> Gloerular capsule
      - GLOMERULAR CAPSULE - Visceral podacyte (foot cell) layer enclose capillaries
    - - Blood processing -> urine
      - Glomerular Capsule + PCT + Loop of Henle + DCT
      - Filtrate modification
  - - - Lowered b.p.; porous capillaries for absorption
      - Arise from afferent arterioles
      - Attach to renal tubules in renal cortex
      - Empty into venules
    - - *Long vessels parallel to Henle loop*
      - Arise from efferent arterioles of juxtamedullary nephrons
      - Concentrated urine formation
    - - CORTICAL
        
        85% of nephrons
        
        Almost entirely in renal cortex
        
        SHORT Henle loops extend into OUTER REGION of Renal Medulla
        
        Osmalarity use (similar to blood) for urine creation
      - JUXTAMEDULLARY
        
        Receive blood via peritubular capillaries & vasa recta
        
        Renal corpuscle deep in cortex w/ LONG nephron loops
        
        Ascending limb has thick & thin regions
        
        Enables kidney for urine secretion