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Angina (Pathophysiology (Flow of blood through the coronary arteries is…
Angina
Pathophysiology
Flow of blood through the coronary arteries is insufficient to meet the hearts oxygen demands. This is only temporary and does not result in damage to the heart.
Stable Angina = Pain lasting 5-15 minutes relieved by medicaiton. Usually has a trigger such as excerize, exertion, anxiety, cold.
Unstable Angina = Pain lasting longer than 15 minutes not necessarily relieved by medication. Often ccurs without a specific trigger.
Coronary Heart Disease is the most common cause of reduced blood flow. - Build up of fatty deposits.
Signs/Symptoms
Generally not present under normal circumstances as the heart can function on the reduced amount of blood flow
Pain or discomfort (fullness, tightness) in the chest or arms, neck, shoulder or back. Also possible pain similiar to heartburn
Shortness of breath, tiredness, nausea, sweating and dizziness.
ECG, exercise stress test, chest xray, coronary angiography can all be done to determine the daignosis.
Treatment
Non- pharmalogical
Stop smoking, controlling high BP and Cholestrol, Maintain a healthy weight, healthy diet
Pharmacological
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Beta-blockers are first line to reduce symptoms of stable angina. Followed by calcium channel blockers then a long acting nitrate
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