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Endocrine system (thyroid gland (calcitonin (secreted by parafollicular…

- - - - Thyroglobulin produced in the ribosoomes and golgi of the follicular cells
- - - - mineralocorticoids
        
        aldosterone
        
        stimulates Na+ resorption in kidney tubules, causes tubules to eliminate K+ from body, alters acid-base balance
        
        stimulated: decreases BV or BP causes raas, increased K+ levels, stress causes CRH release by hypothalamus which causes rise in ACTH,
        inhibited: decreased levels of K+, increased BP (inhibits raas)
    - - glucocorticoids
        
        cortisone
        
        corticosterone
        
        cortisol
        
        glucose-diabetogenic effect, enhances epinphrines impact on BP, inhibits collagen synthesis, strong anti-inflammatory effect
        
        stimulated: ACTH release which triggered y CRH release by hypothalamus
        inhibited: cortisol feedback inhibition
    - - adrenal sex hormones (gonadocorticoids)
        
        androgens
        
        converted to
        
        potent male hormones
        
        estrogen
        
        axillary and pubic hair development, female sex drive, estrogen produced after menopause
- - - - oxytocin
        
        produced by paraventricular neurons
      - ADH
        
        produced by supraoptic neurons
  - - - thyroid stimulating hormone
        
        stimulates thyroid gland to release thyroid hormones
        
        stimulated by TRH and inhibited by feedback inhibition by thyroid hormones
      - adrenocorticotropic hormone
        
        promotes release of glucocorticoids and androgens
        
        stimulated by CRH inhibited by feedback inhibition exerted by glucocorticoids
      - gonadotropic hormones
        
        luetinizing hormone
        
        in both promoters production of gonadal hormones
        
        in females triggers ovulation and promotes synthesis and release of ovarian hormones, and helps an egg containing ovarian fillicle to mature
        
        in males it stimulates the interstitial cells of the testes to produce the male hormone tetosterone
        
        follicle stimulating hormone
        
        both: stimulates production of gametes
        
        female: causes an egg containing ovarian follicle to mature
        
        Stimulated: GRH produced by the hypothalamus and gonadotropic cells of a. pituitary
        inhibited: negative feedback of gonadal hormones
      - lutenizing hormone
    - - stimulates somatic growth, mobilizes fat, and spares glucose
      - stimulated by GHRH release inhibited by feedback inhibition exerted by GH and IGFs, and by hyperglycemia, obesity, and emotional depravation via either increase GHIH or decreased GHRH
    - - promotes lactation in breast secretory tissue
      - stimulated:decrase in PIH release, birthcontrol pills, breast feedingm and dopamine blocking drugs
        inhibited: PIH
- - - - raises blood glucose levels (promotes breakdown of glycogen to glucose, synthesis of glucose from lactic acid and noncarbohydrate molecules, release of glucose by liver cells
      - Stimulated: falling blood glucose, sympathetic nervous system, increased amini acid levels
        inhibited: increased glucose levles, insulin, somatostatin
  - - - lowers blood glucose (enhances membrane transport of glucose into cells, inhibits glycogen breakdown, inibits aminoacid and fat conversion), promotes protein synthesis and fat storage, neural development, feeding behavior, and learning + memory
      - Stimulated: high blood glucose, increased amino acid and fatty acid blood levels, acetylcholine release, hyperglycemic hormone
        Inhibited: somatostatin and sympathetic nervous system release
- - - - stimulates a.pituitary to release ACTH