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Post Cold War Changes (Eastern Europe (Economic- Gorbachev adopts…
Post Cold War Changes
Eastern Europe
Economic- Gorbachev adopts perestroika to induce limited free trade to strengthen the weak Soviet economy.
Social Movements- Citizens rebelled against the Soviets in Poland as workers formed the Solidarity group,led by Lech Walesa, for better working conditions and the Czechoslovak reform movement led by intellectuals.
Social-Mikhail Gorbachev invoked glasnost in order to form communication between Soviet officials and citizens to find the strengths and weaknesses of the Union.
Government Change- Poland changed to a democracy and a free market and Czechoslovakia was transformed to a democracy but later split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia
Western Europe
Economic- Western Europe's economy is recovering, but problems throughout the region still remain. Unemployment rates are high, but despite their economic distresses, Western European states seem quite capable of prospering.
Political- Great Britain was led by John Mayor, of the Conservative Party, which failed to capture the imagination of most Britons, so in the next election the Labour Party won by a landslide. Meanwhile in France, a coalition of conservation parties gained 80 percent of the seats in the National Assembly.
Social- The EU established the euro and debt from several nations (Greece and Ireland) threatened the stability of the currency.
North America
Economic - In 1993 the US and Canada approved NAFTA for more profitable and easier trade between themselves.
-During the Cold War, the US budget deficit was $420 billion and after the Cold War it had tripled in amount and became the main focus of US politicians
Politics- The status of the French speaking province of Quebec is a topic of controversy as it narrowly rejected the the decision to secede from Canada.
Social- Postmodern art emerged in the 1980’s in forms of film, sculptures, and performance.
Africa
Economic- High birth rates have caused the African economies growth rate to be 2.3% compared to 1.34% in the rest of the world. As result, poverty remains widespread and about 39% of Africans live in Urban slums with high levels of pollution.
Social- In Africa, women have taken roles of power in recent years and multi party elections have brought the end to single party dominated countries.
Social- There is a high rate of AIDS in Africa as 22.9 million people infected with AIDS/HIV live there and 1.9 became infected in 2010 and 1.2 million died.
-Tensions between Muslims and Christians ,in countries like Nigeria, have snapped over Muslim leaders to invoke Muslim laws and riots have occurred. Due to riots, compromises were made.
East Asia
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Political- After the Tiananmen Square demonstrations, the Chinese government adopted a policy of promoting rapid economic growth while cracking down harshly on political dissenters.
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South/Central America
Economic- Programs for increased public education and greater economic growth have helped to alleviate Latin America’s greatest challenge, income inequality, or the large gap between rich and poor. Countries in South America have fared better than in Central America, where many countries remain poverty stricken.
Social- High poverty rates, illiteracy, high unemployment, and political corruption have led to a violent drug war in Mexico; more than 35,000 people have been killed since the start.
Political- Countries in this region have pushed for democratic right, social reforms, and increased economic growth. While Nicaragua has remained poverty stricken,Brazil and Chile have seen unprecedented economic growth.
South and Southeast Asia
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Political- In recent years, some Southeast Asian societies have once again moved toward forming a democracy; however, serious crisis' remain.
Social- Conflict between Hindus and Muslims has continued, and religious differences have fueled a long-term dispute between India and Pakistan over Kashmir, a territory between the two countries. Border conflicts in 2002 led to the threat of war between the two countries, but in 2003 the countries agreed to cease fire against each other.
MIddle East
Social- Efforts to reach a peace agreement between the Israelis and the Palestinians, represented by the PLO, have failed due to continuous terrorist attacks and disputes over territory.
Economic- The Middle East was rocked by a massive uprising that led to a regime change in Tunisia and Egypt. Most countries in the region have a high percentage of young people; these people under the age of 25 are often unemployed.
Political- After 23 years of oppressive government, Tunisian president Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali fled the country following mass protest that began around December in 2010.
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